{"datasetrec":{"DasID":2392,"Acronym":null,"StandardTitle":"Penguins of Antarctica","OrigTitle":null,"OrigTitleLangID":null,"OrigTitleLangCode":null,"OrigTitleLang":null,"OrigTitleLangNL":null,"VersionName":"2.3","ContactEmail":null,"VersionDate":null,"VersionDay":19,"VersionMonth":3,"VersionYear":2019,"SizeReference":"8 records","EngAbstract":"Classic problems in historical biogeography are where did penguins originate, and why are such mobile birds restricted to the Southern Hemisphere? Competing hypotheses posit they arose in tropical–warm temperate waters, species-diverse cool temperate regions, or in Gondwanaland <100\nmya when it was further north.","EngDescr":" To test these hypotheses we constructed a strongly supported phylogeny of extant penguins from 5851\nbp of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Using Bayesian inference of ancestral areas we show that an Antarctic origin of extant taxa is highly likely, and that more derived taxa occur in lower latitudes. Molecular dating estimated penguins originated about 71 million years ago in Gondwanaland when it was further south and cooler. Moreover, extant taxa are inferred to have originated in the Eocene, coincident with the extinction of the larger-bodied fossil taxa as global climate cooled. We hypothesize that, as Antarctica became ice-encrusted, modern penguins expanded via the circumpolar current to oceanic islands within the Antarctic Convergence, and later to the southern continents. Thus, global cooling has had a major impact on penguin evolution, as it has on vertebrates generally. Penguins only reached cooler tropical waters in the Galapagos about 4\nmya, and have not crossed the equatorial thermal barrier.","OrigAbstract":null,"OrigDescr":null,"Comments":null,"ReleaseDate":null,"ReleaseDate0":null,"OrigDescrLang":null,"EmbargoDate":null,"OrigDescrLangNL":null,"OrigLangCode":null,"OrigLangCodeExtended":null,"OrigLangID":null,"DescrCompFlag":0,"DescrTransFlag":0,"Citation":"Baker,A.J., Pereira,S.L., Haddrath,O.P. and Edge,K.A. Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. Proc. Biol. Sci. 273 (1582), 11-17 (2006)","AccessConstraints":null,"UDate":"2019-04-10","CDate":"2010-03-25","CurrencyDate":null,"RevisionDate":null,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-30 01:37:59.451226","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"CheckedFlag":0,"PublicFlag":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":1,"StatusID":1,"DasType":"Data","DasTypeID":1,"DasOrigin":"Literature research","Progress":"Completed","AccessConstraint":"Attribution (CC BY)","AccConstrEN":"Attribution (CC BY)","AccConstrDisplay":"<a rel=\"license\" href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\" target=\"_blank\"><img alt=\"Creative Commons License\" style=\"border:0px;height:15px;width:80px;vertical-align:middle;\" src=\"https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia/images/cc/by.png\" /></a> This dataset is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.","License":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","AccConstrDescription":"This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.","Lineage":null,"AccConID":21,"DOI":"10.15468/xxk28e","GBIF_UUID":"7b657080-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a"},"dois":null,"spcols":null,"keywords":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Antarctica","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms","Code":null,"Description":null,"OrigThesTerm":"Antarctica","DutchTerm":null,"URI":null,"DasKeywordDescr":null},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Data","ThesTypID":8,"ThesType":"Assemble KO Types","Code":null,"Description":null,"OrigThesTerm":"Data","DutchTerm":null,"URI":null,"DasKeywordDescr":null},{"ThesaurusTerm":"DNA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List","Code":"c_2347","Description":null,"OrigThesTerm":"DNA","DutchTerm":"DNA","URI":"http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2347","DasKeywordDescr":null},{"ThesaurusTerm":"DNA barcodes","ThesTypID":0,"ThesType":null,"Code":null,"Description":null,"OrigThesTerm":"DNA barcodes","DutchTerm":null,"URI":null,"DasKeywordDescr":null},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine Genomics","ThesTypID":10,"ThesType":"Assemble Sectors","Code":null,"Description":null,"OrigThesTerm":"Marine Genomics","DutchTerm":null,"URI":null,"DasKeywordDescr":null},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Penguins","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus","Code":null,"Description":null,"OrigThesTerm":"Penguins","DutchTerm":null,"URI":null,"DasKeywordDescr":null}],"parents":null,"children":null,"othrel":null,"othrelrev":[{"DasID":1543,"Acronym":"AntOBIS","StandardTitle":"Antarctic Ocean Biodiversity Information System","Relation":"Published dataset","RelationY":"Published in","RelID":13,"doi":null,"vlizDoi":null},{"DasID":5816,"Acronym":"RAS","StandardTitle":"Register of Antarctic Species","Relation":"Partial Source DataSet","RelationY":"Partly included in","RelID":8,"doi":null,"vlizDoi":null}],"ownerships":[{"OrderNr":2,"Surname":"Grant","Firstname":"Rachel","Initials":"R.","PerPublicFlag":1,"AdrID":null,"Email":null,"InsPublicFlag":1,"Acronym":"BAS","OrigNameLangCode":null,"OrigNameLangID":null,"FullOrigName":null,"InsOwnerCNT":2,"PersID":18991,"InsID":6367,"FullInstitute":"Natural Environment Research Council; British Antarctic Survey","RoleID":24,"Role":"Contact","OrigName":null,"StandardName":"British Antarctic Survey","FullAcronym":"NERC-BAS","ORC":null,"ROR":null}],"taxterms":[{"DasTaxtTypID":1,"DasTaxtType":"Taxonomic coverage","TaxtID":22685,"TaxTerm":"Spheniscidae","AphiaID":196034,"DutchTerm":"pinguïns"}],"frameworks":null,"otherterms":[{"OtherTerm":"DNA barcodes"}],"temporal":[{"DasDateID":2063,"StartYear":2006,"EndYear":2006,"StartDay":null,"EndDay":null,"StartDate":"2006-01-01","EndDate":"2006-01-01","DasDate":null,"Resolution":"Unknown","ResolutionNL":"Onbekend","Notes":null,"StartMonth0":null,"StartMonth":null,"StartMonthNL":null,"EndMonth0":null,"EndMonth":null,"EndMonthNL":null,"Progress":"Completed","ProgressNL":"Afgelopen"}],"geographical":[{"GeoTerm":"Antarctica","DasGeoID":4744,"DasGeoTerm":null,"DasID":2392,"GeotID":496,"X":-36.5075,"Y":-54.249099999999999,"MaxX":167.6514,"MaxY":-77.542100000000005,"StationName":null,"Precision":null,"CoordSystID":null,"GeoDatumID":null,"OrigCoordMinX":null,"OrigCoordMinY":null,"OrigCoordMaxX":null,"OrigCoordMaxY":null,"OrderNr":null,"Projection":null,"GeoDatum":null,"GeoObjectID":1926,"OrigGeoTerm":"Antarctica","DutchTerm":"Antarctica"}],"meastypes":[{"MethID":null,"DasMeasTypID":12723,"DasMeasType":"","Matrix":null,"MatrixNL":null,"Parameter":"Molecular data","ParameterNL":"Moleculaire data","Description":null,"Unit":null,"Methodology":null,"Protocol":null,"QualityControl":null,"Precision":null,"Detectionlimit":null,"Instrument":null,"InstrumentUrl":null,"MethFull":"","ParaCategoryTitle":null,"ParaCatCode":null},{"MethID":null,"DasMeasTypID":12722,"DasMeasType":"","Matrix":null,"MatrixNL":null,"Parameter":"Occurrence of biota","ParameterNL":"Voorkomen van soorten","Description":null,"Unit":null,"Methodology":null,"Protocol":null,"QualityControl":null,"Precision":null,"Detectionlimit":null,"Instrument":null,"InstrumentUrl":null,"MethFull":"","ParaCategoryTitle":null,"ParaCatCode":null}],"dasthemes":[{"DasThemeID":69,"DasTheme":"Biology > Birds","DasTheme0":"Birds","DutchTerm":"Vogels"}],"projects":null,"refs":[{"0":248522,"BRefID":248522,"1":"Based on this dataset","Relation":"Based on this dataset","2":2,"RelationID":2,"3":"<b>Baker, A.J. <i>et al.</i></b> (2006). Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. <i>Proc. - Royal Soc., Biol. Sci. 273(1582)</i>: 11-17. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260</a>","RR":"<b>Baker, A.J. <i>et al.</i></b> (2006). Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. <i>Proc. - Royal Soc., Biol. Sci. 273(1582)</i>: 11-17. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260</a>","4":"Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling","StT":"Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling","5":"Baker, A.J.; Pereira, S.L.; Haddrath, O.P.; Edge, K.-A.","RSA":"Baker, A.J.; Pereira, S.L.; Haddrath, O.P.; Edge, K.-A.","6":"Gebaseerd op deze dataset","DutchTerm":"Gebaseerd op deze dataset","7":2006,"AnaDate":2006,"8":null,"MonDate":null,"9":". <i>Proc. - Royal Soc., Biol. Sci. 273(1582)</i>: 11-17. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260</a>","":". <i>Proc. - Royal Soc., Biol. Sci. 273(1582)</i>: 11-17. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260\" target=\"_blank\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260</a>","10":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260","doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://doi.org/10.15468/xxk28e","externalID":"10.15468/xxk28e","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLType":"DOI","URLTypID":13,"downloadURL":null,"FileName":null},{"URL":"https://www.gbif.org/dataset/7b657080-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a","externalID":"7b657080-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a","URLTypeCode":"GBIF_UUID","URLType":"GBIF dataset","URLTypID":43,"downloadURL":null,"FileName":null},{"URL":"https://ipt.biodiversity.aq/resource?r=rachel_penguins_georef","externalID":null,"URLTypeCode":null,"URLType":"IPT","URLTypID":33,"downloadURL":null,"FileName":null},{"URL":"https://obis.org/dataset/1e8da69d-77cd-43aa-b668-58fbf6766581","externalID":"1e8da69d-77cd-43aa-b668-58fbf6766581","URLTypeCode":null,"URLType":"Online dataset","URLTypID":19,"downloadURL":null,"FileName":null}],"pictures":null,"urlmaps":null,"spatreps":null,"fileformats":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1}