{"projectrec":{"ProID":1540,"StandardTitle":"Atmospheric Nitrogen input into the North Sea: inorganic and organic nutrient fluxes","OrigTitle":"Atmosferische stikstofaanvoer naar de Noordzee: onorganische en organische nutriënten","Acronym":null,"AbstractEnglish":"<ul><li>Context \r\n\r\nThe North Sea is threatened by eutrophication. Excess supply of nutrients, especially nitrogen compounds, causes proliferation of algae, leading to pernicious oxygen depletion. The nitrogen supply is not only due to rivers, but to the atmosphere as well. Especially in summer, when nutrients are scarce and the river supply is reduced, the atmospheric contribution can become predominant. The relevant atmospheric nitrogen is emitted as nitrogen oxides (by traffic and industry) and as ammonia (by agriculture). Organic nitrogen compounds might be important but their deposition fluxes are unknown.\r\nMeasurements of the concentrations of the various inorganic and organic nitrogen components and of their deposition, with rain and in the dry phase, will allow evaluating the contribution of the atmosphere to eutrophication processes, using adequate mathematical models.\r\n\r\n<li>Project description \r\n\r\n<ul><li>Objectives \r\n\r\nThe input of nutrients, in particular the ones containing nitrogen, causes a proliferation of harmful algal blooms and other eutrophication phenomena, affecting fisheries and tourism. The contribution of atmospheric input to coastal eutrophication triggers increasing interest but is not well characterized yet. Specifically, the description of atmospheric fluxes in terms of inorganic and organic nitrogen and their distribution between the gaseous and particulate phases have not been examined systematically, apart from a few studies concerning the Baltic Sea and the seas around Japan. This project aims at the first comprehensive identification and quantification of the individual inorganic and organic compounds that contribute significantly to the nitrogen loading of the air above the Southern North Sea, as a function of the season and wind direction.\r\n\r\n<li>Methodology\r\n\r\nThe samplings will take place at a short distance from the beach, at a roof location between Den Haan and Wenduine, without any local pollution sources. Additional sample collections will possibly be carried out on board the R/V Belgica and Zeeleeuw. The gas phase is sampled with special denuders; aerosols are taken with filters in a high volume setup and with impactors that allow size differentiation, and rainwater is collected with an automated unit. The classical inorganic analyses (with ion chromatography and electron microprobe analysis) will be complemented with new methodologies to be elaborated for the characterization of the organic components contributing to the nitrogen nutrient fluxes. \r\n\r\nThis combination of frontier methods will allow a yet unseen degree of speciation to be achieved. In contrast to the inorganic analysis, the characterization of organic nutrients is practically a blank field. Extensive chemical pre-separation in combination with powerful chromatographic methods and highly specific detection (“electron capture” and mass spectrometry detection) will be used to achieve the first inventory of the organic nitrogen nutrients in the gas phase and aerosol. The calculation of the “wet” deposition flux (via the rain water) is rather trivial; for the dry deposition of particles, existing models will be applied that predict the deposition velocity near the sea surface as a function of the particle size; for the dry deposition of gases, existing models will also be applied. The obtained atmospheric fluxes will be compared with the supply of nitrates via the rivers, to evaluate their relative importance, for different seasons and different meteorological conditions.","AbstractOtherLang":"<ul><li>Context\r\n\r\nDe Noordzee wordt bedreigd door eutrofiëring. Door overdreven toevoer van nutriënten, vooral stikstof, ontstaat er proliferatie van algen, wat tot zuurstoftekort kan leiden. De stikstofaanvoer gebeurt niet alleen via de rivieren maar ook via de atmosfeer. Vooral in de zomer, als de rivieren minder nutriënten aanvoeren, wordt de luchtbijdrage relatief belangrijker. De relevante atmosferische stikstof wordt geëmitteerd als stikstofoxiden (door verkeer en industrie) en ammoniak (door de landbouw). Andere, organische stikstofverbindingen zijn mogelijk ook belangrijk. Maar de depositiefluxen zijn onvoldoende bekend voor de Zuidelijke Noordzee.\r\nMeting van de concentraties van de diverse stikstofcomponenten en hun droge depositie en afzetting met de regen, zal toelaten met wiskundige modellen de rol van de atmosfeer in het eutrofiëringsproces beter te evalueren.\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Beschrijving van het project \r\n\r\n<ul><li>Doelstellingen \r\n\r\nDe belangrijke toevoer van nutriënten, vooral stikstof-bevattende stoffen, veroorzaakt een proliferatie van schadelijke algen en andere fenomenen van eutrofiëring die de visserij en het toerisme kunnen treffen. Hoewel de aandacht voor de bijdrage van atmosferische toevoer aan de eutrofiëring van kustwateren recent is toegenomen, blijft de kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve kennis ervan gebrekkig. Vooral de beschrijving van atmosferische toevoer in termen van anorganische en organische stikstofverbindingen en de distributie ervan tussen de gas- en particulaire fase is onvoldoende systematisch bestudeerd, afgezien van enkele studies over de Baltische Zee en de zeeën rond Japan. Dit project heeft dus tot doel een eerste uitvoerige identificatie en kwantificatie uit te voeren van de afzonderlijke anorganische en organische verbindingen die, door afzetting met de regen of door droge depositie, bijdragen tot de atmosferische stikstofbelasting van de zuidelijke Noordzee, en dit in functie van het seizoen en de windrichting.\r\n\r\n<li>Methodologie\r\n\r\nDe staalnamen gebeuren op een korte afstand van het strand, op een plaats zonder lokale pollutie (op een dak tussen Den Haan en Wenduine). Aanvullende bemonsteringen zullen mogelijk gebeuren aan boord van de Belgica en de Zeeleeuw. De gasfase wordt bemonsterd met speciale denuders; aërosolen worden gecollecteerd met filters in hoge-debiet opstellingen en met impactoren, die deeltjesgrootte-differentiatie toelaten, en het regenwater met een automatische opstelling. De klassieke anorganische analysen (met ionenchromatografie en electronen microprobe analyse) worden aangevuld met nieuwe methodologieën die ontwikkeld zullen worden voor de karakterisering van de relevante organische verbindingen. \r\n\r\nDeze combinatie van geavanceerde methoden zal een uniek niveau van speciatie mogelijk maken. In tegenstelling tot de anorganische analyse is de karakterisering van organische nutriënten nagenoeg een braakliggend gebied. Doorgedreven chemische voor-scheiding in combinatie met krachtige chromatografische methoden en uiterst specifieke detectie (“electron capture” en massaspectrometrische detectie) worden aangewend om voor het eerst een inventaris op te stellen van organische stikstofnutriënten in de gasfase en in het aërosol.\r\nDe berekening van de “natte” depositieflux (via het regenwater) is nogal triviaal; voor de droge depositie van partikels zullen bestaande modellen worden gebruikt, die de depositiesnelheid in functie van de diameter voorspellen; ook voor de droge depositie van gassen zullen theoretische modellen worden toegepast.\r\nDe bekomen atmosferische fluxen zullen vergeleken worden met de toevoer van nitraten via de rivieren, om het relatief belang van de atmosfeer, voor verschillende seizoenen en verschillende meteorologische omstandigheden, te evalueren.","DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:20.809226","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"ParentProID":1075,"BeginYear":2003,"EndYear":2006,"BMonth":12,"EMonth":4,"BeginMonth":"December","EndMonth":"April","OrigTitleLangCode":"nl","OrigTitleLangID":41,"OrigTitleLangNL":"Nederlands","OrigTitleLang":"Dutch","OtherAbstractLangCode":"nl","OtherAbstractLangID":41,"OtherAbstractLang":"Dutch","OtherAbstractLangNL":"Nederlands","Progress":"Completed","ProgressNL":"Afgelopen","PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"ND":"2004-09-10","UD":"2009-12-14","DMPFlag":0,"Budget":179790,"BudgetCurrency":"EUR"},"parent":{"ProID":1075,"Acronym":"SPSD-II","StandardTitle":"Research action SPSD-II: Second scientific support plan for a sustainable development policy"},"persons":null,"projects":null,"events":null,"datasets":null,"institutes":[{"instituterec":{"Acronym":"BELSPO","ProPartID":6268,"PublicFlag":1,"OrigNameLangCode":"nl","OrigNameLangID":41,"FullOrigName":"Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid","Line1":"WTC III - Simon Bolivarlaan 30","Line2":"1000 Brussel","Line3":null,"Line4":null,"InsID":120,"FullStandardName":"Belgian Science Policy","Role":"Sponsor","RoleID":3,"EncAddress":"WTC III - Simon Bolivarlaan 30, 1000 Brussel, Belgium"},"parent":null,"institutes":null,"references":null,"conferences":null,"datasets":null,"persons":[],"pastpers":null,"subpers":null,"projects":null,"urls":null,"pictures":null,"published":null,"affrefs":null,"collections":null,"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"nXtins":null,"previns":null,"spcols":null,"resmessage":"no id specified","complete":0,"participantrec":null,"peerrevs":null,"urlmaps":null},{"instituterec":{"Acronym":"MITAC","ProPartID":6293,"PublicFlag":1,"OrigNameLangCode":"en","OrigNameLangID":15,"FullOrigName":"University of Antwerp; Faculty of Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Micro and Trace Analysis Centre","Line1":"Campus Drie Eiken","Line2":"Universiteitsplein 1","Line3":"2610 Antwerpen","Line4":null,"InsID":19,"FullStandardName":"Universiteit Antwerpen; Centrum voor Micro- en Sporenanalyse","Role":"Co-ordinator","RoleID":7,"EncAddress":"Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium"},"parent":null,"institutes":null,"references":null,"conferences":null,"datasets":null,"persons":[{"Surname":"Van Grieken","Firstname":"René","Initials":"R.","LeaderFlag":0,"PersID":12,"Role":"Promotor","RoleID":8,"PastInstitute":1,"BeginDay":null,"BeginMonth":null,"BeginYear":null,"EndDay":null,"EndMonth":null,"EndYear":null},{"Surname":"Dirtu","Firstname":"Alin","Initials":"A.","LeaderFlag":0,"PersID":11631,"Role":null,"RoleID":null,"PastInstitute":1,"BeginDay":null,"BeginMonth":null,"BeginYear":null,"EndDay":null,"EndMonth":null,"EndYear":null}],"pastpers":null,"subpers":null,"projects":null,"urls":null,"pictures":null,"published":null,"affrefs":null,"collections":null,"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"nXtins":null,"previns":null,"spcols":null,"resmessage":"no id specified","complete":0,"participantrec":null,"peerrevs":null,"urlmaps":null}],"refs":[{"BRefID":144586,"AnaPub":null,"MonPub":2007,"RefStringPartII":". 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