{"projectrec":{"ProID":2064,"StandardTitle":"Holocene climate variability and ecosystem change in coastal East and Maritime Antarctica","OrigTitle":"Holocene klimaatvariabiliteit en ecosysteemveranderingen in de kustzone van Oost en Maritiem Antarctica","Acronym":"HOLANT","AbstractEnglish":"Context\r\n\r\nThe Earth’s climate undergoes significant changes, which are not yet fully understood. Although the Holocene has not experienced climate changes of the same magnitude as during the major Quaternary glaciations, it has been marked by many, often rapid, global temperature and precipitation anomalies. Recently, parts of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) region have experienced some of the most rapid warming on Earth, whereas a decline in the temperature record was observed in other Antarctic areas. This temperature rise near the AP has already led to ice shelf disintegration and rapid glacier retreat and influenced marine and terrestrial ecosystems. In order to understand how Antarctic temperature variation in inland and coastal areas are interrelated and can impact other regions on Earth, it is necessary to learn from the record of past natural climate variability. \r\n\r\n\r\nProject description \r\n\r\nObjectives\r\n\r\nThe IGBP project PAGES (www.pages.unibe.ch) has set up the PEP (Pole-Equator-Pole) traverses 1, 2 and 3 in order to determine past climate changes along continental transects. HOLANT will explicitly extend the PEP 1 transect towards Sub-Antarctica and coastal Maritime Antarctica and contribute to the PEP2 and 3 transects by establishing and comparing a series of high resolution records of Holocene climate variability in coastal Antarctica based upon biological and sedimentological proxies in (coastal) lake sediments.\r\n\r\nThe specific research questions are:\r\n
    \r\n
  1. What are the timing, duration and magnitude of Holocene climate anomalies in coastal areas in maritime and east Antarctic regions and how are these anomalies related to climatic events recorded in inland locations (ice cores)?\r\n
  2. How did Holocene climate changes affect regional ice sheet/glacier dynamics?\r\n
  3. How did Holocene climate changes affect the diversity of primary producers in Antarctic lakes?\r\n
\r\nMethodology\r\n\r\nHOLANT will use biological and sedimentological proxies and seismic surveys to reconstruct past climate changes and the evolution of climatically influenced lake basins in coastal Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic regions. In parallel, we will exploit our newly-developed techniques to study fossil DNA in lake sediments as a tool to reveal the response of the basal food web to past climate anomalies. We will relate the emerging spatio-temporal pattern in climate changes in Antarctica to changes in regional ice sheet volume and to global-scale climate anomalies during the past 10,000 years.\r\n\r\nInteractions between the different partners\r\n\r\nThe scientific activities are organised into seven work packages (WP). The responsible partner is indicated after each task/work package.\r\n\r\nWP1: Field work \r\nWP 2: Establishment of sediment chronology from cores (BAS, PAE)\r\n\r\nWP 3: Reconstruction of past climate changes using sedimentological and biological proxies in lake-sediment cores\r\n\r\nWP 4: development of relative sea-level (RSL) curves and reconstruction of the deglaciation history (BAS, PAE)\r\n\r\nWP 5: fossil DNA to reveal the response of the basal food web to past climate anomalies (CIP, PAE)\r\n\r\nWP 6: reconstruction of regional climate change and integration with other regions (all partners)\r\n\r\nWP 7: valorisation of the expected results (all partners)\r\n\r\n\r\nLink with international programmes\r\n\r\nHOLANT is closely integrated with three international research programs, namely the BAS CACHE program (www.antarctica.ac.uk/BAS_Science/programmes2005-2010/CACHE/projects/PEP/index.html), the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition REGAL project and the French PEISACG program. HOLANT will also contribute to IPY research proposal MERGE (www.ipy.org/development/eoi/proposal-details.php?id=55) and to the new SCAR EBA program (www.scar.org/researchgroups/lifescience/eba). On a wider international level HOLANT will contribute to the IGBP PAGES PEP 1, 2 and 3 programs. \r\n\r\nExpected results and/or products\r\n
    \r\n
  1. Primary research papers which will appear in front-line journals. The project will present data to the scientific, political and public communities at the occasion of international and national meetings. \r\n
  2. The data on the distribution of organisms will include:
","AbstractOtherLang":"Context\r\n\r\nHet klimaat op aarde ondergaat aanzienlijke veranderingen, die tot op heden nog niet volledig begrepen zijn. Hoewel Holocene klimaatveranderingen niet dezelfde omvang hadden als tijdens de grote ijstijden, wordt het Holoceen gekenmerkt door een aantal, vaak snelle anomalieën in temperatuur en neerslag. Recent hebben delen van het Antarctisch Schiereiland (AS) heel snelle opwarmingen gekend, terwijl elders in Antarctica een temperatuurdaling werd waargenomen. De temperatuurstijging nabij het AS heeft reeds mariene en terrestrische ecosystemen beïnvloed en geleid tot het afkalven van ijsplaten en versneld afsmelten van gletsjers. Om de relatie in temperatuurvariaties tussen Antarctische kustgebieden versus continentale regio’s beter te begrijpen is het nodig de vroegere klimaatvariabiliteit te bestuderen op basis van natuurlijke klimaatarchieven. \r\n\r\n\r\nProjectbeschrijving \r\n\r\nDoelstellingen\r\n\r\nHet IGBP project PAGES (www.pages.unibe.ch) heeft de PEP (Pole-Equator-Pole) transecten 1, 2 en 3 opgericht om vroegere klimaatveranderingen langsheen continentale transecten te onderzoeken. HOLANT zal het PEP 1 transect expliciet uitbreiden naar Sub-Antarctica en Maritiem Antarctische kustzones en zal bijdragen tot de PEP 2 en 3 transecten door een reeks hoge resolutie reconstructies van Holocene klimaatvariabiliteit uit te voeren, gebaseerd op de analyse van biologische en sedimentologische klimaatindicatoren in meersedimenten. \r\n\r\nDe specifieke onderzoeksvragen zijn:\r\n
    \r\n
  1. Wat is het aanvang, duur en omvang van Holocene klimaatanomalieën in Maritiem en Oost-Antarctische kustgebieden, en hoe zijn deze anomalieën gerelateerd met klimaatveranderingen in meer continentale regio’s (ijsboorkernen)?\r\n
  2. Wat was de invloed van Holocene klimaatveranderingen op regionale ijsplaat/gletsjerdynamiek?\r\n
  3. Hoe hebben Holocene klimaatveranderingen de diversiteit van de primaire producenten in Antarctische meren beïnvloed?\r\n
\r\nMethodologie\r\n\r\nHOLANT zal op basis van biologische en sedimentologische klimaatindicatoren en seismische surveys vroegere klimaatveranderingen reconstrueren en de evolutie van klimaatgevoelige meerbekkens nagaan in de kustregio’s van Antarctica en Sub-Antarctica. Tevens zullen we gebruik maken van onze nieuw ontwikkelde technieken om fossiel DNA te bestuderen teneinde de respons van het basale voedselweb op vroegere klimaatveranderingen te onderzoeken. Onze klimaatreconstructies zullen gerelateerd worden aan veranderingen in het regionale ijskapvolume en aan globale klimaatveranderingen gedurende de laatste 10,000 jaar.\r\n\r\nInteractie tussen de verschillende partners\r\n\r\nDe wetenschappelijke activiteiten worden georganiseerd in 7 werkpakketten (WP). De verantwoordelijke partner is aangegeven na iedere taak/ werkpakket. \r\n\r\nWP1: Veldwerk\r\n• Taak 1.1. Bemonsteren en coren van meren in Maritiem Antarctica (BAS, PAE)\r\n• Taak 1.2. Bemonsteren en coren, en het interpreteren van seismische data van meren nabij Syowa Oasis (PAE, BAS, RCMG)\r\n• Taak 1.3. Bemonsteren en coren, en het uitvoeren van een seismische survey van meren in de Kerguelen Archipel (RCMG)\r\n\r\nWP 2: Opstellen van een sedimentchronologie van de boorkernen \r\n\r\nWP 3: Reconstructie van vroegere klimaatveranderingen door middel van sedimentologische en biologische klimaatindicatoren in meersedimenten\r\n• Taak 3.1. Sedimentologische parameters als indicatoren van vroegere veranderingen in de belangrijkste processen die de sedimenttoevoer naar het meer reguleren (RCMG)\r\n• Taak 3.2. Diatomeeën als indicatoren van vroegere veranderingen in productiviteit en in de precipitatie-evaporatiebalans (PAE)\r\n• Taak 3.3. Reconstructie van veranderingen in meerproductiviteit door middel van fossiele pigmenten, macrofossielen en ‘loss on ignition’ (BAS, PAE)\r\n\r\nWP 4: Ontwikkeling van relatieve zeespiegelcurves (RSL) en reconstructie van de deglaciatiegeschiedenis (BAS, PAE)\r\n\r\nWP 5: Fossiel DNA om de respons van het basale voedselweb op vroegere klimaatanomalieën na te gaan (CIP, PAE)\r\n\r\nWP 6: Reconstructie van regionale klimaatveranderingen en integratie met andere regio’s (alle partners)\r\n\r\nWP 7: Valorisatie van de verwachte resultaten (alle partners)\r\n\r\nBand met internationale programma’s\r\n\r\nHOLANT is nauw geïntegreerd in drie internationale onderzoeksprogramma’s, met name het BAS CACHE programma (www.antarctica.ac.uk/BAS_Science/programmes2005-2010/CACHE/projects/PEP/index.html), het Japanse onderzoeksproject REGAL, en het Franse PEISACG programma. HOLANT zal ook bijdragen tot het IPY onderzoeksvoorstel MERGE (www.ipy.org/development/eoi/proposal-details.php?id=55) en tot het nieuwe SCAR EBA programma (www.scar.org/researchgroups/lifescience/eba). Op een breder internationaal niveau zal HOLANT bijdragen tot de IGBP PAGES PEP 1,2 en 3 programma’s. \r\n\r\nVerwachte resultaten en/of producten\r\n
    \r\n
  1. Belangrijke onderzoeksartikels die in vooraanstaande tijdschriften zullen verschijnen. Het project zal gegevens voorstellen aan de wetenschappelijke, politieke en publieke gemeenschappen tijdens internationale en nationale meetings. \r\n
  2. De gegevens over de verspreiding van organismen zullen het volgende omvatten: \r\n• 16S/18S rRNA sequenties van fossiele cyanobacteriën en protisten uit geselecteerde overgangslagen van de boorkernen. \r\n• Biologische en limnologische gegevens van ongeveer 50 meren in het Antarctisch Schiereiland en Syowa Oasis. \r\n
  3. Hoge resolutie paleoklimaat- en relatieve zeespiegelreconstructies van verschillende gebieden in Antarctica.\r\n
  4. Een HOLANT website met contactinformatie, die ook een overzicht geeft van onze wetenschappelijke resultaten. \r\n
  5. Vulgarisatie- en valorisatie-acties in het kader van het Internationaal Polaire Jaar 2007-2008 en binnen bestaande netwerken zoals BE-POLES, zoals een bijdrage leveren tot websites en het bijwonen van meetings en workshops georganiseerd voor studenten.\r\n
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