{"projectrec":{"ProID":2065,"StandardTitle":"Integrated Study of Southern Ocean Biogeochemistry and Climate Interactions in the Anthropocene","OrigTitle":"Geïntegreerde studie van de Zuidelijke Oceaan biogeochemie en klimaatinteracties in het Anthropoceen","Acronym":"BELCANTO III","AbstractEnglish":"Context\r\n\r\nThe Southern Ocean (SO) ecosystem is crucial in global biogeochemical cycles (C, N, Si, P, Fe) and climate regulation, notably through its capacity to absorb atmospheric CO2, a major greenhouse gas. Current ocean biogeochemical models describing the contribution of the modern SO to the global oceanic CO2 sink diverge significantly. Such differences between model results are attributed to physical and biogeochemical processes being inadequately resolved.\r\nReducing the uncertainty of model predictions requires a thorough understanding of the factors regulating ocean-atmosphere interactions, oceanic circulation and biogeochemical processes. \r\n\r\n\r\nProject description\r\n\r\nObjectives\r\n\r\nThe overall objective of BELCANTO III is to conduct targeted process studies and develop new proxies to construct and validate a realistic 3D ice-ocean biogeochemical model for the area south of latitude 30°S, based on improved understanding of factors regulating interactions between the atmosphere, ocean circulation and biogeochemical cycles and on synthesis/collection of existing/new data sets. When properly validated the model will (i) reduce uncertainty linked to the assessment of the role of the SO as source/sink of atmospheric CO2 and estimate the related impact on biogeochemical cycles and (ii) improve our capability to predict the SO response to future increase of atmospheric CO2 and temperature, acidification and changes in oceanic circulation.\r\n\r\nMethodology\r\n\r\nThe BELCANTO (Belgian research on Carbon uptake in the Antarctic Ocean) methodology iteratively combines process-level studies under laboratory-controlled conditions; field work in key SO areas involving direct measurements of core biogeochemical parameters along with an original use of multi-proxies and rate measurements; and numerical development and experimentation. In this methodology, the new 3D NEMO- SWAMCO coupled ice-ocean biogeochemical model plays a central role as integrator of new knowledge synthesised from experimental studies. These include \r\n\r\n(i) Process-level studies to improve the understanding of iron cycling focusing on the interaction between organic matter and bio-available iron \r\n\r\n(ii) Field investigations of organic matter degradation in the mesopelagic layer, based on combined measurements of mesopelagic particulate Ba and bacterial mineralization rates (oxygen consumption) at different depths in the twilight zone and making use of new sampling devices such as IRS sediment traps to sort particles according to their settling velocity and/or size class.\r\n\r\n(iii) New methodological development to study bioavailability of organically complexed iron, determine plankton-group specific biochemical compounds with their stable isotopic composition and estimate silica production- dissolution (30Si isotopes). \r\n\r\n(iv) Laboratory bioassays to assess and parameterize micro-organism responses to future expectation of increased temperature and acidification.\r\n\r\nThe construction of a joint data base archiving new field data as well as those collected during BELCANTO I and II is planned for the budget estimates as well as calibration and validation of 3D NEMO-SWAMCO. Of particular importance is the assessment of the model capability to simulate atmospheric CO2 uptake, export production from the surface layer, bacterial degradation in the mesopelagic and the stoichiometric signature of exported matter and subducted water. \r\n\r\nLink with international programmes\r\n\r\nBELCANTO objectives and products are relevant to the following international programmes:\r\n• SOLAS (Surface ocean lower atmosphere study) supported by IGBP(international Geosphere-Biosphere programme), SCOR (Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research), WCRP (World Climate Research Programme) and CACGP (Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global pollution)\r\n• IMBER (Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research) supported by IGBP and SCOR\r\n• GCP (Global Carbon Project) supported by the IGBP, IHDP (International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change), WCRP and Diversitas \r\n• CLIVAR (Climate Variability and Predictability) as a part of WCRP dedicated to global changes.\r\n\r\nBELCANTO III is also highly relevant to the theme ‘Biogeochemistry’ and the system ‘Southern Ocean’ of the EU Network of excellence EUR-OCEANS. Through EUR-OCEANS, a close link exists with ICED-IPY (Integrated Analysis of circumpolar Climate Interactions and Ecosystem Dynamics in the Southern Ocean and GEOTRACES-IPY (An International Study of the Marine Biogeochemical Cycles of Trace Elements and their Isotopes) in the framework of the International Polar Year. Several partners are involved in EU Carbocean IP\r\n\r\n\r\nExpected results and/or products\r\n\r\n• An improved understanding of the iron cycling in the Southern Ocean\r\n• An improved understanding of mesopelagic remineralisation \r\n• An improved assessment of nutrient (N, Si) phytoplankton consumption and control by Fe limitation\r\n• An improved assessment of carbon export to the deep sea and validation through comparison with air-sea CO2 fluxes\r\n• The characterisation of exported biogenic particles to the deep sea and the assessment of their reactivity \r\n• Model simulations of biogeochemical cycles in the modern Southern Ocean and assessment of mechanisms controlling air-sea CO2 exchanges\r\nModel prediction of SO capacity in absorbing increased CO2 \r\n• Assessment of future climate change impact on the functioning of the SO ecosystem\r\n\r\n\r\nPartners\r\n\r\nActivities\r\n\r\n• VUB: Expertise in isotope dilution experiments and modelling to assess N and Si fluxes associated with phytoplankton activity; stable C, N isotope ratio and trace element analysis; 234Th activity assessment.\r\n• ULB: Expertise in assessing trace metal (Fe) impact on phytoplankton and bacterial processes; biogeochemical modelling.\r\n• MRAC: Expertise in trace element analysis; stable Si isotope ratio analysis. \r\n• UCL: Expertise in modelling of ocean circulation and ocean –ice interactions.\r\n• ULg: Expertise in inorganic carbon dynamics and air-sea CO2 fluxes.","AbstractOtherLang":"<b>Context</b>\r\n\r\nDe Zuidelijke Oceaan heeft een belangrijke impact op de biogeochemische kringloop van elementen zoals C, N, Si, P, Fe alsook op de klimaatregulering, vooral door zijn vermogen om het atmosferische broeikasgas CO2 op te nemen. Huidige biogeochemische oceaanmodellen, gericht op het inschatten van de rol der Zuidelijke Oceaan in de wereldwijde oceanische CO2 opslag, leveren sterk uiteenlopende resultaten. Deze grote verschillen tussen modelberekeningen zijn te wijten aan onvoldoende gekende fysische en biogeochemische processen. Meer accurate modelresultaten vereisen een beter inzicht in de interacties tussen oceaan en atmosfeer, de oceanische circulatie en de biogeochemische processen die zich voordoen in de oceaan.\r\n\r\n\r\n<b>Beschrijving van het project</b>\r\n\r\n<i>Doelstellingen</i>\r\n\r\nDe algemene doelstelling van het Belcanto III project betreft het uitvoeren van procesgerichte studies en de ontwikkeling van nieuwe proxies voor de opbouw en de validatie van een realistisch 3D ijs-oceaan biogeochemisch model van de Zuidelijke Oceaan zuidelijk van 30°Z. Via de synthese van bestaande en nieuwe gegevensbanken zal dit model tevens berusten op een juistere inschatting van de factoren die de interacties tussen de oceaan, de atmosfeer en de biogeochemische cycli sturen. Eens gevalideerd, zal het model toelaten: (1) de rol der Z.O. als bron of sink van atmosferisch CO2 juister in te schatten alsook van de impact van een verhoogd CO2 gehalte op de biogeochemische cycli; (2) een betere voorspelling door te voeren van de Zuidelijke Oceaan evolutie als gevolg van de CO2 toename, de toenemende verzuring en wijzigingen in oceaanstromingen.\r\n\r\n<i>Methodologie</i>\r\n\r\nHet onderzoeksconcept van Belcanto III berust op een interactie tussen procesgericht onderzoek onder gecontroleerde laboratoriumcondities, bepaling van essentiële biogeochemische parameters via een multi-proxy benadering tijdens terreinwerk in cruciale Zuidelijke Oceaan regio’s alsook via modelontwikkeling en -experimenten. Hierbij neemt het 3D NEMO-SWAMCO ijs-oceaan biogeochemisch model een centrale plaats in, door integratie van de kennis gewonnen uit de experimentele studies. Deze zijn:\r\n<ol type=i>\r\n<li>Processtudies gericht op de Fe-cyclus, specifiek op de interacties tussen organisch materiaal en bio-beschikbaar ijzer.\r\n\r\n<li>Terreinwerk gericht op de afbreekbaarheid van bezinkend organisch materiaal, waarbij particulair Ba en bacteriële activiteit in de mesopelagische zone worden bepaald als proxies van heterotroof zuurstofverbruik. Hierbij wordt eveneens gebruik gemaakt van een nieuw type sedimentval waarmee zinkende deeltjes bemonsterd worden volgens bezinkingssnelheid of grootte.\r\n\r\n<li>De ontwikkeling van nieuwe methodologieën voor de studie van de bio-beschikbaarheid van organisch gebonden ijzer; fytoplankton-specifieke biomerkers en hun isotopensamenstelling (13C); opname van silicaat door diatomeeën en oplossen van diatomeeënskeletten via isotoopdilutie (30Si).\r\n\r\n<li>Bioassays voor de bepaling van de invloed van toenemende temperatuur en verzuring op de ontwikkeling van micro-organismen en de parameterisatie van deze processen. \r\n</ol type=i>\r\nDaarnaast zal een databank opgesteld worden met nieuwe resultaten bekomen uit terreinonderzoek alsook aangevuld met resultaten van eerdere Belcanto projecten ten einde massabalansen op te stellen en het 3D NEMO-SWAMCO model te kalibreren en te valideren. Hierbij zal de aandacht specifiek gericht zijn op de capaciteit van het model om CO2 opname door de oceaan, exportproductie uit de oppervlaktelagen, bacteriële afbraak in de mesopelagische waterkolom, elementsamenstelling van het geëxporteerde en ontbindende organische materiaal en impact hiervan op de samenstelling van het omringende water correct te reconstrueren. Metingen van zee-lucht uitwisseling voor CO2, koolstofexportproductie, zoals bepaald via een multi-proxy benadering (i.e. 234Th-deficiet; 15N-Nieuwe productie; meso-Baxs, d29Si) zullen gebruikt worden voor validering van het ge-upgrade SWAMCO model.\r\n\r\n\r\n<b>Band met internationale programma’s</b>\r\n\r\nDe Belcanto III objectieven en resultaten zijn relevant voor volgende internationale programma’s\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>SOLAS (Surface ocean lower atmosphere study) erkend door IGBP (international Geosphere-Biosphere programme); SCOR (Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research), WCRP (World Climate Research Programme) en CACGP (Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global pollution)\r\n<li>IMBER (Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research) erkend door IGBP en SCOR\r\n<li>GCP (Global Carbon Project) erkend door IGBP, IHDP (International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change), WCRP en Diversitas \r\n<li>CLIVAR (Climate Variability and Predictability), deel uitmakend van WCRP.\r\n</li></ul>\r\nHet BELCANTO III project is bovendien zeer relevant voor het thema ‘Biogeochemie’ en het ‘Zuidelijke Oceaan’ systeem van het EU Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS dat in het kader van het internationaal polair jaar (IPY) zelf gelinkt is aan ICED-IPY (Integrated Analysis of circumpolar Climate Interactions and Ecosystem Dynamics in the Southern Ocean en GEOTRACES-IPY (An International Study of the Marine Biogeochemical Cycles of Trace Elements and their Isotopes).\r\nVerschillende Belcanto partners zijn bovendien betrokken bij het EU Integrated Project Carbocean.\r\n\r\n<b>Verwachte resultaten en/of producten</b>\r\n<ul type=square>\r\n<li>Een beter inzicht in de Fe-cyclus in de Zuidelijke Oceaan\r\n<li>Een beter inzicht in mesopelagische mineralisatie van organisch materiaal\r\n<li>Een juistere inschatting van de rol van Fe in de opname van N en Si door het fytoplankton\r\n<li>Een juistere inschatting van de koolstofexport naar de diepzee en de weging hiervan aan de atmosfeer-oceaan CO2           uitwisseling \r\n<li>De karakterisering van biogene deeltjes geëxporteerd naar de diepzee en de bepaling van hun reactiviteit\r\n<li>Modelsimulaties van biogeochemische cycli in de huidige Zuidelijke Oceaan en bepaling der mechanismen die de atmosfeer-oceaan uitwisseling regelen. Modelprognoses voor de CO2 opslagcapaciteit van de Zuidelijke Oceaan\r\n<li>Bepaling van toekomstige klimaat en impact hiervan op de Zuidelijke Oceaan.\r\n</li></ul type=square>","DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-05-06 10:25:46.257000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"ParentProID":2063,"BeginYear":2005,"EndYear":2010,"BMonth":12,"EMonth":1,"BeginMonth":"December","EndMonth":"January","OrigTitleLangCode":"nl","OrigTitleLangID":41,"OrigTitleLangNL":"Nederlands","OrigTitleLang":"Dutch","OtherAbstractLangCode":"nl","OtherAbstractLangID":41,"OtherAbstractLang":"Dutch","OtherAbstractLangNL":"Nederlands","Progress":"Completed","ProgressNL":"Afgelopen","PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"ND":"2007-05-08","UD":"2010-01-11","DMPFlag":0,"Budget":1672529,"BudgetCurrency":"EUR"},"parent":{"ProID":2063,"Acronym":"SSD","StandardTitle":"Science for a Sustainable Development"},"persons":null,"projects":null,"events":null,"datasets":null,"institutes":[{"instituterec":{"Acronym":"AMGC","ProPartID":8177,"PublicFlag":1,"OrigNameLangCode":"en","OrigNameLangID":15,"FullOrigName":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel; 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