{"projectrec":{"ProID":2095,"StandardTitle":"Land Use Changes and Si Transport through the Scheldt River Basin","OrigTitle":"Landgebruik en het transport van silicium doorheen het Scheldebekken","Acronym":"LUSI","AbstractEnglish":"<b>Context</b>\r\n\r\nThis project refers directly to the objective of the domain 'Terrestric and marine ecosystems of the North Sea', and to the European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EU. The study includes an integrated approach combining a process study of Si-release and transfer to the North Sea with the construction of a policy supporting framework to quantify the effect of land use towards eutrophication remediation. \r\nSeveral national and internationally funded research projects and networks focus on the risks of eutrophication posed by excess N and/or P input into freshwater ecosystems. However, there is until now, no integrated research project focusing on the potential role of changes in Si fluxes in the dynamics of freshwater ecosystems. It is precisely this gap that this research project, integrating the know-how of three Belgian research groups, attempts to fill. \r\n\r\n\r\n<b>Project description</b>\r\n\r\n<i>Objectives</i>\r\n\r\nThis project aims to answer the question if Si fluxes through a river basin, and ultimately towards the sea, can change because of land use changes. These changes will be budgeted for the Scheldt basin, taking into account surface runoff, subsurface drainage and storage and cycling through vegetation. The results will be used to evaluate the effect of land use changes over historical times on Si fluxes. Moreover, it is the aim to formulate recommendations towards land planning with respect to the reduction of eutrophication, working from the viewpoint of Si in the nutrient ratios. As such, this study of Si can provide a mirror image for the N and P side of the eutrophication problem, and provide invaluable, new insights in our evolving concept of eutrophication. \r\n\r\nHabitat scale research towards surface erosion and subsurface transport of dissolved Si (DSi), and biogenic Si (BSi) and sediments (as an indicator for transport of mineral Si) will be conducted in different landscape types. On a Scheldt basin scale, rivers draining sub-basins, will be sampled on a regular basis for all BSi and DSi. The sampled sub-basins will represent a gradient from still largely forested to largely covered by cropland and grassland. The integration of results from both site-specific experiments and basin scale sampling will for the first time allow an estimate, based on both historical and recent land use maps, of the extent to which Si fluxes towards the coastal zone have been altered by human land use, and how this change has been triggered by changes in erosion processes, changes in vegetation type and cover, and hydrology.\r\n\r\n\r\n<i>Methodology</i>\r\n\r\nHabitat scale research towards surface erosion and subsurface transport of dissolved Si (DSi), biogenic Si (BSi) and sediments (as an indicator for transport of mineral Si) will be conducted in different landscape types. On a larger scale, rivers draining individual sub-basins within the Scheldt watershed will be sampled on a regular basis for both BSi and DSi. The sampled sub-basins will represent a gradient from still largely forested to largely cultivated farmland. The integration of results from both site-specific experiments and basin scale sampling will allow to estimate, based on both historical and recent land use maps, the extent to which Si fluxes towards the coastal zone have been altered by human land use, and how this change has been triggered by changes in erosion processes, vegetation and hydrology.\r\n\r\nThrough the coupling of experimental results with existing models for sediment transport and subsurface hydrology, the results will be extrapolated to the scale of individual catchments. The model is then validated by data from a detailed survey of Si and sediment transport in individual river basins throughout the whole Scheldt basin. The results will show if Si release can enhance resilience against N and P enrichment of the river continuum, and as such, counter this threat of riverine, estuarine and coastal diversity. The sustainable management of the Scheldt basin requires a thorough understanding of interactions between ecosystems (both freshwater and marine) functioning, basin-wide biogeochemical nutrient fluxes, and land use, which are directly studied in this project for the unknown Si component. \r\n\r\n\r\n<b>Interaction between the different partners</b>\r\n\r\nAll silica analyses will be performed at University of Antwerp, where also a large expertise is present on silica biogeochemistry. KUL and UCL have long-standing experience in sampling, studying and modelling basin-wide fluxes of water and sediments, both surface and subsurface. The interaction between geologists and ecologists provides a unique opportunity to map basin-wide silica fluxes in an integrated way.\r\n\r\n\r\n<b>Expected results</b>\r\n<ul type=disc>\r\n<li>Normally, around 4 manuscripts will be prepared or be in preparation for international peer-reviewed journals \r\nPossible (preliminary) titles:\r\n<li>Local Si retention and remobilization processes in agricultural and afforested areas\r\n<li>Riverine DSi and BSi fluxes vs. watershed land use: Is Si flux really undisturbed?\r\n<li>Modelling BSi and DSi fluxes on a watershed scale\r\n<li>Land use and Si mobilization towards the coastal zone: new insights in the eutrophication problem\r\n<li>Enhanced transport of BSi as a result of human land use\r\n<li>A regularly updated website is available: www.ua.ac.be/LUSi\r\n<li>A model for both subsurface and surface mobilization of Si on a basin scale should be available or in preparation\r\n</li></ul type=disc>","AbstractOtherLang":"<b>Context</b>\r\n\r\nDit project past binnen de doelstellingen van het thema “terrestrische en mariene ecosystemen van de Noordzee” en binnen de Europese kaderrichtlijn water. Deze studie omvat een geïntegreerde benadering, waarbij processtudies worden gekoppeld aan beleidsondersteunende adviezen aangaande landgebruik en het eutrofiëringsprobleem. Tot op heden is er nog geen geïntegreerd onderzoeksproject geweest, dat de potentiële rol onderzocht van Si fluxen in de dynamiek van zoetwaterecosystemen. Verschillende projecten hebben het probleem benaderd vanuit de overvloedige input van N en P naar de zoetwatersystemen. Het is juist deze lacune in onze kennis, omtrent de rol van Si in dynamiek van zoetwatersystemen, die dit project wil opvullen.\r\n\r\n\r\n<b>Projectbeschrijving</b>\r\n\r\n<i>Doelstelling</i>\r\n\r\nDit project stelt zich als doel na te gaan of siliciumstromen doorheen het Scheldebekken, en uiteindelijk naar de Noordzee, veranderd zijn door menselijke ingrepen in het landgebruik. Oppervlakige siliciumrun-off, ondergrondse stromen van Si en de opname en vrijstelling door vegetatie, worden bestudeerd in verschillende landschapssystemen. Gemodelleerde resultaten zullen worden toegepast voor landgebruik doorheen de geschiedenis, om de potentiële verandering van Si-stromen in kaart te brengen. Lokale experimenten op de schaal van enkelvoudige percelen zullen worden uitgevoerd in verschillende landschapstypes, om zo tot een kwantificering van zowel oppervlakkig als ondergronds transport van BSi, DSi en sediment te komen. \r\n\r\nOp een grotere schaal, namelijk het volledige Vlaamse Scheldebekken, zullen rivieren regelmatig worden bemonsterd, teneinde BSi-, DSi- en sedimentconcentraties en –transport te kwantificeren. De geselecteerde subbekkens vormen een gradiënt van grotendeels bebost tot grotendeels gebruikt voor landbouw. Door de integratie van de resultaten van lokale processtudies en de bemonstering van rivieren op bekkenschaal zal er voor het eerst een inschatting kunnen worden gemaakt van de mate waarin menselijk ingrijpen in het landschap de siliciumstromen doorheen stroombekkens heeft beïnvloed, en welke processen aan de basis liggen. Dit is een belangrijke stap naar verder inzicht in het eutrofiëringsprobleem.\r\n\r\n\r\n<i>Methodologie</i>\r\n\r\nLokale experimenten op de schaal van enkelvoudige habitats zullen worden uitgevoerd in verschillende types van landgebruik, met als doel de kwantificering van zowel oppervlakkig als ondergronds transport van Si en sediment. Op een grotere schaal, zullen 50 rivieren binnen het Scheldebekken regelmatig worden bemonsterd voor BSi, DSi en sediment. De stroombekkens van de geselecteerde rivieren zullen een gradiënt vormen van nog grotendeels bebost tot grotendeels gebruikt voor landbouw. Door de resultaten te integreren van de lokale processtudies en de bemonstering van rivieren op bekkenschaal zal er voor het eerst een inschatting kunnen worden gemaakt van de mate waarin menselijk ingrijpen in het landschap de siliciumstromen doorheen stroombekkens heeft beïnvloed, en welke verschillende processen aan de basis liggen. \r\n\r\nZeer belangrijk binnen dit project is de hoge graad van integratie tussen onderzoek op verschillende schaalniveaus. Gestandaardiseerde experimenten worden gebruikt om lokale mobilisatieprocessen in kaart te brengen. Door deze resultaten te koppelen aan bestaande modellen voor sedimenttransport en ondergrondse zowel als bovengrondse waterstromen, kunnen deze resultaten worden geëxtrapoleerd naar het volledige Scheldebekken. Het ontwikkelde model wordt dan gevalideerd aan de hand van de resultaten van de bekkenschaal-bemonstering van rivieren. Na de validatie van het model, kan het dan worden toegepast op de verschillende landschapsscenarios.\r\nDe resultaten zullen voor het eerst toelaten om in te schatten of siliciumvrijstelling binnen stroombekkens is veranderd door menselijk toedoen, en hoe dit zich verhoudt tot N en P verrijking. Dit begrip is essentieel binnen een integraal beheer van het Scheldebekken: integraal beheer van stroombekkens vereist een grondig inzicht in de interactie tussen zoetwater- en mariene ecosystemen, biogeochemie van nutriënten op bekkenschaal en landgebruik. Deze integrale benadering wordt dan ook nagestreefd in het LUSi project.\r\n\r\n\r\n<b>Interactie tussen de partners</b>\r\n\r\nEr is een hoge graad van interactie tussen de partners. Labo-analyses voor DSi en BSi zullen gebeuren aan de universiteit Antwerpen, waar ook een grote kennis aanwezig is omtrent de biogeochemie van silicium. KUL en UCl hebben een hoge graad van expertise in het bemonsteren van oppervlakkige - en bodemafvoer van water en sedimenten, evenals in het modelleren van deze sediment- en waterstromen. De interactie tussen geologen en ecologen biedt de mogelijkgied voor een geïntegreerde, zowel experimentele als modellerende, benadering van siliciumstromen op bekkenschaal. \r\n\r\n\r\n<b>Verwachte resultaten</b>\r\n\r\nTen minste 4 publicaties in wetenschappelijke tijdschriften omtrent :\r\n<ul type=disc>\r\n<li>Lokale Si retentie en vrijstelling in bos- en landbouwgebied\r\n<li>Riviertransport van Si en landgebruik : is de Si-vracht antropogeen beïnvloed ?\r\n<li>Modelleren van BSi en DSi transport op bekenschaal\r\n<li>Een alternatieve benadering voor het probleem van eutrofiëring , vanuit mobilisatie van Si\r\n<li>Verhoogde mobilisatie van Si door veranderend landgebruik\r\n<li>Een regelmatige bijgewerkte website\r\n<li>Een model voor zowel ondergrondse als bovengrondse mobilisatie van Si\r\n</li></ul type=disc>","DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-05-06 10:25:46.257000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"ParentProID":2063,"BeginYear":2006,"EndYear":2011,"BMonth":12,"EMonth":1,"BeginMonth":"December","EndMonth":"January","OrigTitleLangCode":"nl","OrigTitleLangID":41,"OrigTitleLangNL":"Nederlands","OrigTitleLang":"Dutch","OtherAbstractLangCode":"nl","OtherAbstractLangID":41,"OtherAbstractLang":"Dutch","OtherAbstractLangNL":"Nederlands","Progress":"Completed","ProgressNL":"Afgelopen","PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"ND":"2007-07-04","UD":"2011-04-14","DMPFlag":0,"Budget":653782,"BudgetCurrency":"EUR"},"parent":{"ProID":2063,"Acronym":"SSD","StandardTitle":"Science for a Sustainable Development"},"persons":null,"projects":null,"events":null,"datasets":null,"institutes":[{"instituterec":{"Acronym":"ECOBE","ProPartID":8274,"PublicFlag":1,"OrigNameLangCode":"en","OrigNameLangID":15,"FullOrigName":"University of Antwerp; 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