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On the basis of this analysis, six regional <i>Acarnus</i> forms are described as new species. The confused taxonomy of some species is clarified on the basis of reexamination of type specimens. The phylogenetic history of the genus is reconstructed with cladistic techniques, using morphological characters of original as well as unpublished material together covering almost all described taxa from all over their known ranges. The resultant cladogram is used for a discussion of the biogeographic history of the genus. 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