{"refrec":{"BRefID":100319,"RR":"<b>Samaai, T.; Gibbons, M.J.; Kelly, M.</b> (1999). Morphological phylogenetic considerations on the relationships of <i>Isodictya</i> Bowerbank, 1864. <i>Mem. Queensl. Mus. 44</i>: 517-523","BEntID":95547,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mem. Queensl. Mus. 44</i>: 517-523","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Samaai, T.; Gibbons, M.J.; Kelly, M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Samaai, T. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<i>Isodictya</i> Bowerbank was recently transferred from the Order Poecilosclerida to the Order Haplosclerida, based upon the hypothesis that skeletal architecture and spiculation are homologous between <i>Isodictya</i> and some genera in the haplosclerid family Niphatidae. We examined this hypothesis by determining the diagnostic morphological characters of <i>Isodictya</i>, comparing these with a selection of poecilosclerid and haplosclerid genera, which also have reticulate spongin skeletons. A phylogenetic analysis of diagnostic morphological characters such as spicule morphology, choanosomal skeletal architecture, and surface fibre ornamentation was carried out to determine the ordinal affinities of <i>Isodictya</i>. The analysis of this data set produced 21 equally parsimonious trees of 29 steps with a consistency index (C.I) of 1.000 and retention index (RI) of 1.000. Major characters that separate Isodictya from the haplosclerid genera include the nature of the surface skeletal outgrowths, the amount of spongin associated with these outgrowths, the absence of a paratangential skeleton, the presence of chelae, and the presence of small cigar-shaped oxeas. 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