{"refrec":{"BRefID":10052,"RR":"<b>Donahue, W.H.; Welch, M.F.; Lee, W.Y.; Nicol, J.A.C.</b> (1977). Toxicity of water soluble fractions of petroleum oils on larvae of crabs, <b><i>in</i></b>: Giam, C.S. (Ed.) <i>Pollutant effects on marine organisms.</i> pp. 77-95","BEntID":10052,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Giam, C.S. (Ed.) <i>Pollutant effects on marine organisms.</i> pp. 77-95","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Donahue, W.H.; Welch, M.F.; Lee, W.Y.; Nicol, J.A.C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Donahue, W.H. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Survival of larvae of six species of crab in water soluble fractions (WSF) of petroleum oils was investigated: (1) stone crab <i>Menippe mercenaria</i>, (2) spider crab <i>Libinia dubia</i>, (3) blue crab <i> Callinectes sapidus</i>, (4) calico crab <i>hepatus ephaliticus</i>, (5) fiddler crab <i>Uca panaceae</i>, and (6) striped hermit crab <i>Clibanarius vittatus</i>. Survival of stone crab zoeae was reduced at a concentration of 4% (0.6 ppm) WSF after two days. Mortality increased with concentration and duration of exposure; at the end of three days all larvae were dead in a 20% solution (3 ppm). Comparable results were found with hermit crabs after longer intervals. The extracts slowed development and retarded molting of spider crab larvae, effects appearing at 4% (0.6 ppm), and development to young crabs did not occur in 10% extract (1.5 ppm). In 24-hour experiments, petroleum derivatives, fuel oil, and Bunker C were more toxic than crude oils. Sensitivities of species varied; blue and fiddler crabs were more resistant than stone crab zoeae.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Toxicity of water soluble fractions of petroleum oils on larvae of crabs","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1977,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2001-05-29","DateCreate":"2001-05-29","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":null,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":10052,"PubliDate":1977,"Pagination":"77-95","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":"0-669-01518-0","Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":10037,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Giam, C.S. (Ed.)</b> (1977). Pollutant effects on marine organisms. Lexington Books: Lexington. ISBN 0-669-01518-0. 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