{"refrec":{"BRefID":103135,"RR":"<b>Willems, W.R.; Wallberg, A.; Jondelius, U.; Littlewood, D.T.J.; Backeljau, T.; Schockaert, E.R.; Artois, T.</b> (2006). Filling a gap in the phylogeny of flatworms: relationships within the Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes), inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences. <i>Zoologica Scri. 35(1)</i>: 1-17","BEntID":99914,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Zoologica Scri. 35(1)</i>: 1-17","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Willems, W.R.; Wallberg, A.; Jondelius, U.; Littlewood, D.T.J.; Backeljau, T.; Schockaert, E.R.; Artois, T.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Willems, W.R. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The phylogeny of the Rhabdocoela, a species-rich taxon of free-living flatworms, is reconstructed based on complete 18S rDNA sequences. The analysis includes 62 rhabdocoels and 102 representatives of all major flatworm taxa. In total, 46 new sequences are used, 41 of them from rhabdocoel species, five from proseriates. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. Clade support was evaluated with parsimony jackknifing, Bremer support indices and Bayesian posterior probabilities. The resulting cladogram corroborates that the Rhabdocoela is monophyletic, but its sister group remains uncertain. The ‘Dalyellioida’ and the ‘Typhloplanoida’, both former rhabdocoel subtaxa, are polyphyletic. Within the Rhabdocoela the monophyletic Kalyptorhynchia, characterized by a muscular proboscis, forms the sister group of all other rhabdocoels. The Schizorhynchia is a monophyletic subtaxon of the Kalyptorhynchia, with the split proboscis as a synapomorphy. Except for the Dalyelliidae and the Typhloplanidae, both freshwater taxa, none of the ‘families’ previously included in the ‘Typhloplanoida’ and the ‘Dalyellioida’ appears to be monophyletic. 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