{"refrec":{"BRefID":106049,"RR":"<b>Delhez, E.J.M.; Heemink, A.W.; Deleersnijder, E.</b> (2004). Residence time in a semi-enclosed domain from the solution of an adjoint problem. <i>Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci. 61(4)</i>: 691-702. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.07.013\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.07.013</a>","BEntID":100955,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci. 61(4)</i>: 691-702. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.07.013\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.07.013</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Delhez, E.J.M.; Heemink, A.W.; Deleersnijder, E.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Delhez, E.J.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The residence time measures the time spent by a water parcel or a pollutant in a given water body and is therefore a widely used concept in environmental studies. While many previous studies rely on severe hypotheses (assuming stationarity of the flow and/or neglecting diffusion) to evaluate the residence time, the paper introduces a general method for computing the residence time and/or the mean residence time without such simplifying hypotheses. The method is based on the resolution of an adjoint advection-diffusion problem and is therefore primarily meant to be used with numerical models. The method and its implications are first introduced using a simplified one-dimensional analytical model. 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