{"refrec":{"BRefID":106140,"RR":"<b>Hameed, A.S.S.; Parameswaran, V.; Musthaq, S.S.; Sudhakaran, R.; Balasubramanian, G.; Yoganandhan, K.</b> (2005). A Simple PCR procedure to detect white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) of shrimp, <i>Penaeus monodon</i> (Fabricious). <i>Aquacult. Int. 13(5)</i>: 441-450. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-005-7898-4\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-005-7898-4</a>","BEntID":101042,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquacult. Int. 13(5)</i>: 441-450. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-005-7898-4\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-005-7898-4</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Hameed, A.S.S.; Parameswaran, V.; Musthaq, S.S.; Sudhakaran, R.; Balasubramanian, G.; Yoganandhan, K.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Hameed, A.S.S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"A non-stop, single tube and semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique with simple procedure was developed for simultaneous detection and grading the level of white spot syndrome infection in penaeid shrimp, <i>Penaeus monodon</i>. In this PCR procedure, three sense primers and one antisense primer with uniform annealing temperature of 55 °C were used. These primers amplify three PCR products (500, 300 and 200 base pairs [bp]) depending upon the severity of infection. Quantities of WSSV-DNA at 10 pg and greater gave three PCR products of 500, 300, 200 bp. A moderate concentration of WSSV-DNA, around 100 fg, gave two products of 300 and 200 bp and a low concentration of 1 fg or more gave only one PCR product of 200 bp. This PCR technique was assessed for early detection of WSSV in shrimp. In time-course infectivity experiments conducted on shrimp with WSSV, one PCR product (200 bp) was seen in hemolymph, tail tissue and gill at 3 h post infection (p.i.); two PCR products (300 and 200 bp) were seen in tail tissue, hemolymph, heart tissue and gill at 18 h p.i. At 30 h p.i., three PCR products (500, 300, 200 bp) were seen in all the organs tested. 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