{"refrec":{"BRefID":10619,"RR":"<b>Kesteven, G.L.</b> (1962). World aquatic biomass: its future abundance, <b><i>in</i></b>: Heen, E. <i>et al.</i> <i>Fish in nutrition.</i> pp. 9-22","BEntID":10619,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Heen, E. <i>et al.</i> <i>Fish in nutrition.</i> pp. 9-22","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kesteven, G.L.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kesteven, G.L.","Englishabstract":"This paper suggests the following points with regard to the general question, for which it is required to provide an answer: (1) Any exarnination of what biomass there will be in the future must be qualitative; (2) The question is an ecological one; (3) There is a community biomass as weIl as a species biomass; (4) An estimate of total biomass of the biosphere is of less interest than estimates of the biomass of each of many separate species and communities ;(5) There is less interest in the biomass of a standing crop than in the capacity of a community or species to produce biomass; (6) The structure and magnitude, and hence biomass, of a community or of a species population, may vary within a season, seasonally and annually, and may exhibit a trend;(7) Under natural conditions there may be a trend to increase biomass; (8) Man's activities interfere with natural processes; in so far as he acts as predator on, or disturbs, natural systems, he may halt or reverse upward trends in them; however, he also has powers to act in a contrary sense.  The paper then exarnines man's role and seeks to show that: (1) Even as predator, man can regulate his activities so as not to cause irremediable damage;(2) The principle of eumetric fishing gives man a way of maximizing the productive capacity of a species population (stock of fish) under specified conditions ; (3) By an extension of the principle of eumetric fishing, man could probably increase community-productive-capacity; and if he could extend the range of species of which he could make use, he would have increased yield from the community; (4) Man's activities as disturber (causer of erosion, producer of sewage and effluents, builder of dams, etc.) have both deleterious and beneficial effects; he has means to maximize the latter, and to minimize or even convert to his advantage the former ;(5) Man can intervene in natural systems to determine their structure and size and the pace of their processes, even in the sea; perhaps the most direct approach would be by a deepening of the application of eumetric fishing. This review leads to the logical conclusion that the biomass of the future is likely to be as much more or less than it is now, as man makes it to be.","AbstractOtherLang":"Cet article propose les points suivants concernant le problème général:(1) L'examen de ce que sera la biornasse dans le futur doit être qualitatif; (2) Ce problème est un problème écologique ; (3) Il y a une biomasse de communautés comme une biomasse d'especes; (4) L'estimation de la biomasse totale de la biosphère est d'un intérêt inféreur à l'estimation de la biomasse de chacune de nombreuses espèces et communautés séparées ;(5) La biomasse d'une récolte constante est d'un intérêt infereur à celle de la capacité d'une communauté ou d'une espèce à produire une biomasse; (6) La structure et l'importance, et, ainsi, la biomasse d'une communauté ou d'une population de même espèce, peuvent varier au cours d'une même saison, saisonnierement et annuellement, et peuvent présenter une tendance générale dans leur évolution; (7) Sous les conditions naturelles, il peut exister une tendance de la biomasse à l'augmentation; (8) Les activités de l'homme interferent avec les processus naturels ; dans la mesure où il agit comme prédateur ou comme perturbateur des systemes naturels, il peut arrêter ou renverser complètement leurs tendances; cependant, il a également les pouvoirs d'agir en sens contraire.  Cet article examine le rôle de l'homme et cherche à montrer que: (1) Même comme prédateur, l'homme peut régler ses activités de façon à ne pas faire de dommages irréparables; (2) Le principe de la pêche rationnelle sélective (\"eumetric fishing\") donne à l'homme le moyen de rendre maximum la capacité de production d'une population de même espèce (stock de poisson) sous des conditions précises; (3) En étendant le principe de la pêche rationnelle sélective, l'homme pourrait probablement accroître la capacité de production des communautés; et s 'il pouvait accroître les variétés des espèces qu 'il utilise, il pourrait augmenter la production de la communauté ; (4) Les activités de l'homme comme perturbateur (provoquant des érosions, produisant des eaux d'égouts et des effluents, construisant des barrages, etc.) ont à la fois des effets nocifs et des effets bénéfiques; il a les moyens d'accroître les seconds et de réduire les premiers, voire de les transformer a son avantage; (5) L'homme peut intervenir dans les systèmes naturels pour déterminer leur structure ainsi que la grandeur et l'allure de leurs évolutions, même en mer; il est possible que l'approche la plus directe de ce problème soit dans l'approfondissement des applications de la pêche rationnelle sélective. Cet examen conduit à dire que la seule conclusion logique est que la biomasse future sera vraisemblablement ce que l'homme la fera devenir, plus grande ou moindre qu'elle ne l'est aujourd'hui.","BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"World aquatic biomass: its future abundance","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1962,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2001-11-14","DateCreate":"2001-06-05","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":null,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":10619,"PubliDate":1962,"Pagination":"9-22","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":10616,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Heen, E.; Kreuzer, R.</b> (1962). Fish in nutrition. Fishing News (Books): London. 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