{"refrec":{"BRefID":10623,"RR":"<b>Combs, G.F.</b> (1962). The role of fish in animal feeding, <b><i>in</i></b>: Heen, E. <i>et al.</i> <i>Fish in nutrition.</i> pp. 43-51","BEntID":10623,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Heen, E. <i>et al.</i> <i>Fish in nutrition.</i> pp. 43-51","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Combs, G.F.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Combs, G.F.","Englishabstract":"An increase in the production of animal feed products can do much to improve the nutritional status of man in many parts of the world. Foods of animal origin, including fish, have exceedingly high quality protein and also are relatively high in many protective nutrients. Properly processed fish meals are excellent protein supplements for animals, and supply unusually high amounts of amino acids, lysine and methionine, most likely to be limiting in rations for poultry and swine. Fish products are also rich in phosphorus, calcium, manganese, iodine, vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, riboflavin, niacin and choline. Fish oils are rich in vitamins A and D. The major role of fish meal in animal feeding is through the extension of short supplies of protein by providing critical amounts of supplemental lysine and methionine. Under such conditions, as much as 70 per cent of the critically limiting amino acid in the feed may be retained in the production of animal feed products. The actual usage of fish products in animal feeds is largely determined by economics, but levels up to 10 per cent fish meal can be satisfactorily used in starting and laying feeds for poultry and feeds for swine up to 150 pound weights. For swine and turkeys during the finishing period the level should be restricted to 2.5-5.0 per cent to avoid the possibility of off-flavours in the meat. The actual level of fish products used in animal feeds is dependent on several factors including the following: (1) development of intensive swine and poultry industries with increased use of nutritionally balanced complete reeds ; (2) realistic and competitive pricing of fish meal in relation to other available supplements ; (3) availability of fish meal in amounts adequate to insure constant supply; (4) uniformity and level of quality; (5) availability and cost of other protein and amino acid supplements; (6) extent to which nutritional knowledge is applied in animal production. Probably the most serious deterrent to the production of animal rood products for man is the failure fully to apply present technical and scientific knowledge. This includes the sound application of nutritional information in the formulation of feeds designed for specific purposes. This involves the consideration of all aspects of nutrition, and particularly amino acid adequacy where fish products are concemed. It also requires the implementation of other advances, including better management, disease control, use of improved breeds and proper marketing practices if an efficient animal industry is to be realized.","AbstractOtherLang":"Une augmentation de la production des aliments pour les animaux peut au même temps bien améliorer la condition alimentaire de l'homme dans de nombreuses parties du monde. Les aliments d'origine animale, y compris le poisson, présentent des protéines de très haute qualité et une teneur relativement élevée en beaucoup d'éléments nutritifs protecteurs. Les farines de poisson convenablement traitées représentent des suppléments protéiques excellents pour les animaux, et fournissent des quantités exceptionnellement élevée d'acides aminés, lysine et méthionine, qui sont sans doute des facteurs limitants dans les rations pour Ia volaille et les porcs. Les produits du poisson sont également riches en phosphore, calcium, mangénese, iode, vitamine B<sub>12</sub>, riboflavine, niacine et choline. Les huiles de poisson sont riches en vitamine A et D. Le rôle principal de la farine de poisson dans l'alimentation animale est de compléter des faibles apports en protéines par des suppléments appropriés de lysine et de méthionine. Dans certaines conditions, jusqu' à 70% de l'acide aminé limitant critique de l'aliment donné a l'animal peut être retrouvé dans les produits qu'on obtient de celui-ci. L'usage pratique des produits du poisson dans les aliments pour animaux est largement déterminé par des considérations économiques, mais des taux atteignant 10% de farine de poisson peuvent être employés d 'une façon satisfaisante pour les petits poulets et les poules couveuses et pour les porcs jusqu'à 150 livres de poids. Pour le porc et pour les dindons, le taux de farine de poisson dans le régime de finition devra être abaissé à 2,5-5,0% pour éviter un arriere-gout possible dans le chair. Les quantités effectives des produits du poisson utilisés en alimentation animale dependent de plusieurs facteurs, dont les suivants: (1) le développement d'industries d'élevage intensives du porc et de la volaille, avec utilisation accrue d'aliments complets et nutritionnellement équilibrés ; (2) un prix réaliste et compétitif de la farine de poisson à l'égard des autres suppléments existants; (3) des quantités disponibles suffisantes de farine de poisson pour assurer un approvisionnement constant; (4) la régularité et le niveau de qualité; (5) les autres suppléments en protéines et en amino-acides disponibles et leur prix; (6) la diffusion de la science des aliments dans ses applications à la production animale. Il est probable que l'obstacle le plus sérieux à la production des produits alimentaires animaux pour l'homme consiste dans le défaut d'une pIeine application des connaissances techniques et scientifiques actuelles, et par exemple d'une application profonde des renseignements nutritionnels pour formuler des aliments à des fins spécifiques. Ceci demande que l'on considère tous les aspects de la nutrition, et en particulier la convenance des acides aminés, en ce qui concerne les produits du poisson. Pour qu'une industrie animale efficace soit réalisée, il faut aussi mettre en jeu d'autres progrès, y compris une meilleure organisation, la lutte contre les maladies, l'utilisation de races améliorées et des pratiques commerciaIes mieux adaptées.","BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"The role of fish in animal feeding","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1962,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2001-06-05","DateCreate":"2001-06-05","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":null,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":10623,"PubliDate":1962,"Pagination":"43-51","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":10616,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Heen, E.; Kreuzer, R.</b> (1962). Fish in nutrition. Fishing News (Books): London. XXIII, 447 pp.","BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":null,"SerRR":null,"StandardTitleSer":null,"ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"StandardTitleMon":"Fish in nutrition","StartPage":43,"Pages":9,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"M","SerNotes":null,"AutString":"Heen, E.; Kreuzer, R."},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Combs","Firstname":null,"Initials":"G.F.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":10623,"AutID":14895,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":null,"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":null,"MONpubls":[{"PublName":"Fishing News (Books)","Place":"London"}],"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":[{"AutName":"Heen","Initials":"E.","CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":10616,"AutID":14884,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"AutStrTrunc":"Heen, E.; Kreuzer, R."},{"AutName":"Kreuzer","Initials":"R.","CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":10616,"AutID":14885,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"AutStrTrunc":"Heen, E.; Kreuzer, R."}],"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":10623,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":10623,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":22,"LangCode":"fr","Lang":"French","DutchTerm":"Frans","LangCodeExtended":"fre"},{"BEntID":10623,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":22,"LangCode":"fr","Lang":"French","DutchTerm":"Frans","LangCodeExtended":"fre"}],"urls":null,"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"VLIZ2000\\stevenc","newSesDate":{"date":"2001-06-05 08:48:56.030000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"VLIZ2000\\stevenc","updSesDate":{"date":"2001-06-05 08:48:56.030000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}