{"refrec":{"BRefID":10663,"RR":"<b>Kukucz, J.T.</b> (1962). Effects of biological factors (sex,seasonal races,spawning, migrations) on fat, protein and water, their distribution in sea-trout, <b><i>in</i></b>: Heen, E. <i>et al.</i> <i>Fish in nutrition.</i> pp. 76-77","BEntID":10663,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Heen, E. <i>et al.</i> <i>Fish in nutrition.</i> pp. 76-77","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Kukucz, J.T.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Kukucz, J.T.","Englishabstract":"The effects of some biological factors (sex, spawning migrations, seasonal races) on some components of edible parts of fish and its nutritional value were investigated in 1958-59. Chemical composition of many species of fish has been the subject of numerous investigation but the relationship between the biological stages of fish and such components as fat, water and protein are not sufficiently known in the majority of species. The object of studies was the sea-trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i> L.) from the Vistula River, known on the international markets under the name Vistula Salmon. There exist two populations within this species: (1) the winter population, which undertakes a 1.000 km. long migration and spawns in tributaries of the upper Vistula one year after entering the river, and (2) the summer population, which spawns in the tributaries of the lower part of the main river in the year of entering. The fat, water and protein content of specimens belonging to winter and summer populations caught in the year cycle 1958-59 was examined. The winter population shows an adaptation to the conditions of long spawning migration in the form of enormous accumulation of stock material in the body of the fish. This influences the technological properties of the fish. It has been stated that the fat content of specimens of the winter population was on the average twice as high (fem. 17,40 %, male 13.82 %) as that of the summer population (fem. 7.91%, male 6.86 %). The females of both seasonal populations have a slightly greater amount of fat than the males. The following distribution of fat has been found: The accumulation of fat is considerably greater in the ventral than in the dorsal part of the body. There is less fat in the posterior part of the ventral lobes than in the anterior part; conversely, the fatcontent increases in the dorsal part towards the tail. A distinctly small amount of fat is accumulated in the tail itself. The statements concerning the distribution of fat in the different parts of the body might be important from the technological point of view. The comparison of fat content in winter populations at the beginning of the spawning migration (fem. 17.04 %, male 13,8 %) with the content of fat in spent fish at the end of the migration (fem. 4.05 %, male 2.85 %) shows that sea-trout lose about 80-85 % of their fat supply during their spawning migration. The water content is in inverse proportion to the amount of fat. The differences in protein content are smaller (fem. 20.26 %, male 20.53 % in summer population; and fem. 21,31 %, male 21.76 % in winter population). The protein content decreased considerably during spawning migration (about 15 %: at the beginning of the migration, rem. 20.26 %, male 20.53 %; at the end of the migration, fem. 16.62 %, male 17.30 %). Besides the changes in the amount of single components as mentioned above, the whole weight and the condition factor in spawned fishes decrease considerably.","AbstractOtherLang":"Les effets de quelques facteurs biologiques (sexe, migrations de reproduction, variétés saisonnières) sur quelques composants de parties comestibles du poisson et sur sa valeur nutritive ont été étudiés en 1958-59. La composition chimique de nombreuses espèces de poissons a été le sujet de bien des études; mais les relations entre les étapes biologiques du poisson et des composants tels que les graisses, l'eau ou les protéines ne sont pas suffisamment connues dans la majorité des espèces. L 'objet de ces études a été la truite de mer (<i>Salmo trutta</i> L.) de la Vistule, connue sur les marchés internationaux sous le titre de saumon de la Vistule. Il existe deux populations dans cette espèce: (1) la population d'hiver, entreprenant une migration de 1.000 km. et se reproduisant dans les affluents de la Vistule supérieure un an après son entrée dans le fleuve; et (2) la population d'été, se reproduisant dans les tributaires du cours inférieur du fleuve principal dans l'année de son entrée. On a examiné les graisses, l'eau et la teneur en protéines sur des specimens appartenant aux populations d'hiver et d'été, capturées au cours du cycle annuel 1958-59. La population d'hiver montre une adaptation aux conditions d'une longue migration de reproduction sous la forme d'une accumulation énorme de réserves dans le corps du poisson. Ceci influence les qualités industrielles du poisson. On a établi que la teneur en graisse des spécimens de la population d'hiver était en moyenne deux fois plus élevée (fem. 7,91 %, mâles 6,86 %). Les femelles des deux populatjons présentaient une quantité de graisse légèrement supérieure à celle des mâles. On a trouvé la répartition suivante de la graisse: L'accumulation de la graisse est beaucoup plus élevée dans la partie ventrale du corps que dans sa partie dorsale. II y a moins de graisses dans la partie postérieure des lobes abdominaux que dans leur partie antérieure; en revanche, la teneur en graisse augmente dans la zone dorsale vers la queue. La quantité de graisse accumulée dans la queue elle-même est nettement plus faible. Les données concernant la distribution de la graisse dans les différentes parties du corps peuvent être importantes du point de vue industriel. La comparaison de la teneur en graisse chez les populations d'hiver au début de leur migration de reproduction (fem. 17,04%, mâles 13,82 %) avec celle du poisson épuisé au terme de sa migration (fem. 4,05 %, mâles 2,85 %) permet de dire que la truite de mer perd approximativement 80 a 85% de sa réserve de graisse durant cette migration. La teneur en eau est en relation opposée avec la quantité de graisse. Les différences dans la teneur en protéines étaient plus faibles (fem. 20,26%, mâles 20,53% dans la population d'été; fem. 21,31%, mâles 21,76% dans la population d'hiver). La teneur en protéines décroit d'une façon considérable durant la migration de reproduction (de 15% environ: au commencement de la migration, fem. 20,26%, mâles 20,53%; à la fin de la migration, fem. 16,62%, mâles 17,30%). Parallelement à ces changements dans le montant des composants simples qu'on vient d'indiquer, le poids total et le facteur de condition (facteur de l'état physiologique) dans le poisson en reproduction diminuent d'une façon considérable.","BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Effects of biological factors (sex,seasonal races,spawning, migrations) on fat, protein and water, their distribution in sea-trout","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1962,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2001-06-06","DateCreate":"2001-06-06","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":null,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":10663,"PubliDate":1962,"Pagination":"76-77","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":10616,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Heen, E.; Kreuzer, R.</b> (1962). 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