{"refrec":{"BRefID":10743,"RR":"<b>Leroy, A.M.</b> (1962). Problèmes soulevés par l'utilisation des farines de poisson pour l'alimentation des animaux = Problems related to the utilization of fish meal in animal nutrition, <b><i>in</i></b>: Heen, E. <i>et al.</i> <i>Fish in nutrition.</i> pp. 312-319","BEntID":10743,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":", <b><i>in</i></b>: Heen, E. <i>et al.</i> <i>Fish in nutrition.</i> pp. 312-319","DocTypID":17,"DocType":"Book chapters","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Leroy, A.M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Leroy, A.M.","Englishabstract":"The current crisis affecting fish-meal producers is due in the first place to the relatively recent increase in the number of factories producing this commodity, to the competition they are meeting from other animal or vegetable products with a high amino acid content and, lastly, to the difficulties experienced by manufacturers of compound feeds in obtaining meals of consistently good quality. Many commercial fish meals may be poor, due to excessive humidity which gives rise to chemical or microbial changes during storage. Too high mineral and fat contents are incompatible with the desired protein levels. Again, faulty handling, especially overheating in the course of drying, may spoil the available essential amino acids, which are what users of fish meal look for. Insofar as we know, it is possible to assess the quality of a fish meal by a number of chemical or biological tests. Among the former, tests for moisture content, minerals soluble or insoluble in hydrochloric acid, total nitrogen and ether extraction give rise to problems of standardization. For standardization is what is necessary in the findings obtained in different laboratories are to be comparable. The same applies to the determination of ammonia nitrogen. As regards biological tests, those for the content of nitrogen soluble in hydrochloric pepsin and for available lysine (Carpenter test or any other efficient method for the same purpose), and bacterlal counts supplemented by systematic tests for Salmonella pathogens should themselves be standardized. Finally, tests for the possible presence of toxic amines (e.g. tyramine and histamine) would guarantee protection to users against serious defects under this head which would otherwise, even with small amounts, have highly dangerous results.","AbstractOtherLang":"La crise actuelle dont se plaignent les producteurs de farines de poisson est due d'abord à l'extension relativement récente des fabrications de ces aliments, à la concurrence que leur font d'autres produits d'origine animale ou végétale riches en acides aminés fondamentaux, ainsi qu'aux difficultés éprouvées par les fabricants d'aliments composés à se procurer des farines d'une bonne qualité constante. Les défectuosités de nombreuses farines de poisson commerciales peuvent provenlr d'un degré d' humidite trop élevé, ce qui favorise, au cours de leur conservation, des altérations de caractère chimique ou microbien. Des teneurs trop élevées en matières minérales et en matières grasses sont incompatibles avec des apports de nutriments azotés suffisamment élevés. D'autre part des erreurs dans le traitement de ces marchandises, notamment des températures trop élevées pendant le séchage, peuvent faire disparaître partiellement les acides aminés fondamentaux disponibles, qui constituent les matériaux les plus utiles recherchés par les utilisateurs. Au fur et à mesure de nos connaissances, la qualité d'une farine de poisson peut s'apprécier par un certain nombre de tests de nature chimique ou biologique. Parmi les tests chimiques, le dosage de l'humidité, des matières minérales solubles et insolubles dans racide chlorohydrique, de l'azote total et de l'extrait éthéré posent des problèmes de normalisation, afin d'arriver à ce que les résultats obtenus dans des laboratoires différents puissent être comparables. Il en est de même de la détermination de la teneur en azote ammoniacal. En ce qui concerne les tests biologiques, la teneur des produits en matières azotées solubilisables par la pepsine chlorhydrique, la teneur en lysine disponible d'après le test de Carpenter ou par l'emploi de tous procédés efficaces ayant le même objectif, d'une part, ainsi que la numération bactérienne pour un poids donné de substance, complétée par la recherche systématique des germes dangereux du genre salmonella d'autre part, devraient faire l'objet de déterminations effectuées avec l'aide de méthodes également normalisées. Enfin, la recherche de la présence éventuelle d'amines toxiques, comme la thyramine et l'histamine, protégerait les usagers contre des défauts graves capables d'entrainer, même à tres faible dose, des accidents particulierement dangereux.","BibLvlCode":"AM","StandardTitle":"Problèmes soulevés par l'utilisation des farines de poisson pour l'alimentation des animaux = Problems related to the utilization of fish meal in animal nutrition","OrigTitleLangCode":"fr","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"fre","OrigTitleLangID":22,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1962,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2001-07-24","DateCreate":"2001-06-07","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":null,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":10743,"PubliDate":1962,"Pagination":"312-319","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":null,"Issue":null,"BRefMon":10616,"BRefMonRR":"<b>Heen, E.; Kreuzer, R.</b> (1962). Fish in nutrition. Fishing News (Books): London. XXIII, 447 pp.","BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":null,"SerRR":null,"StandardTitleSer":null,"ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"StandardTitleMon":"Fish in nutrition","StartPage":312,"Pages":8,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"M","SerNotes":null,"AutString":"Heen, E.; Kreuzer, R."},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Leroy","Firstname":null,"Initials":"A.M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":10743,"AutID":15065,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":null,"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":null,"MONpubls":[{"PublName":"Fishing News (Books)","Place":"London"}],"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":[{"AutName":"Heen","Initials":"E.","CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":10616,"AutID":14884,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"AutStrTrunc":"Heen, E.; Kreuzer, R."},{"AutName":"Kreuzer","Initials":"R.","CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":10616,"AutID":14885,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"AutStrTrunc":"Heen, E.; Kreuzer, R."}],"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":10743,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":10743,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":22,"LangCode":"fr","Lang":"French","DutchTerm":"Frans","LangCodeExtended":"fre"},{"BEntID":10743,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":22,"LangCode":"fr","Lang":"French","DutchTerm":"Frans","LangCodeExtended":"fre"}],"urls":null,"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"VLIZ2000\\stevenc","newSesDate":{"date":"2001-06-07 07:58:17.377000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"VLIZ2000\\sarah","updSesDate":{"date":"2001-07-24 11:20:20.783000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}