{"refrec":{"BRefID":107702,"RR":"<b>Engle, V.D.; Summers, J.K.</b> (1999). Refinement, validation, and application of a benthic condition index for Northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries. <i>Estuaries 22(3)</i>: 624-635","BEntID":102522,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Estuaries 22(3)</i>: 624-635","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Engle, V.D.; Summers, J.K.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Engle, V.D.; Summers, J.K.","Englishabstract":"By applying discriminant analysis to benthic macroinvertebrate data, we have developed an indicator of benthic condition for northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries. The data used were collected by the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) in the Louisianian Province from 1991 to 1994. This benthic index represents a linear combination of the following weighted parameters: the proportion of expected species diversity, the mean abundance of tubificid oligochaetes, the percent of total abundance represented by capitellid polychaetes, the percent of total abundance represented by bivalve mollusks, and the percent of total abundance represented by amphipods. We successfully validated and retrospectively applied the benthic index to all of the benthic data collected by EMAP in the Louisianian Province. This benthic index was also calculated for independent data collected from Pensacola Bay, Florida, in order to demonstrate its flexibility and applicability to different estuarine systems within the same biogeographic region. The benthic index is a useful and valid indicator of estuarine condition that is intended to provide environmental managers with a simple tool for assessing the health of benthic macroinvertebrate communities.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Refinement, validation, and application of a benthic condition index for Northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1999,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2014-08-12","DateCreate":"2007-02-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000083142400007","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":107702,"PubliDate":1999,"Pagination":"624-635","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"22","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42847,"SerRR":"Estuaries. The Estuarine Research Federation, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory: Columbia, S.C., etc.,.  ISSN 0160-8347; e-ISSN 1559-2758","StandardTitleSer":"Estuaries","ISSN":"0160-8347","AbbrevSer":"Estuaries","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":624,"Pages":12,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":{"Line1":"1 Sabine Island Drive","Email":"engle.virginia@epa.gov","Line2":null,"EnvName":"USA"},"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Engle","Firstname":"Virginia D.","Initials":"V.D.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":102522,"AutID":71749,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Summers","Firstname":"J.Kevin","Initials":"J.K.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":102522,"AutID":71750,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":261304,"LibID":36,"BRefID":107702,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"261304","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"The Estuarine Research Federation, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory","City":"Columbia, S.C., etc.,"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Benthos","ThestID":877,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Aquatic communities > Benthos"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Zoobenthos","ThestID":9438,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Aquatic communities > Benthos > Zoobenthos"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Estuarine organisms","ThestID":2906,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Aquatic organisms > Estuarine organisms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Assessments","ThestID":76310,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTermPath":"Assessments"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Assessments","ThestID":93633,"Acronym":"TRT","ThesTermPath":"Assessments"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay","ThestID":182930,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"ASW, USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Gulf Coast","ThestID":182950,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"ASW, USA, Gulf Coast"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Louisiana","ThestID":182951,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"ASW, USA, Louisiana"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing","ThestID":102079,"Acronym":"TRT","ThesTermPath":"Indexing"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing","ThestID":53200,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTermPath":"Indexing"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indicators","ThestID":4275,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Indicators"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pollution indicators","ThestID":6393,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Indicators > Pollution indicators"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing","ThestID":145029,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTermPath":"Information > Information processing > Documentation > Information processing > Indexing"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Monitoring","ThestID":5312,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Monitoring"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Environmental monitoring","ThestID":2811,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Monitoring > Environmental monitoring"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pollution monitoring","ThestID":6397,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Monitoring > Environmental monitoring > Pollution monitoring"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biomass","ThestID":999,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Population characteristics > Biomass"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Flexibility","ThestID":3311,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Properties > Physical properties > Mechanical properties > Flexibility"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Species diversity","ThestID":7869,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Species diversity"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indicator species","ThestID":4274,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Taxa > Species > Indicator species"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Estuaries","ThestID":2895,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Water bodies > Coastal waters > Coastal landforms > Coastal inlets > Estuaries"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Assessments"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Assessments"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Gulf Coast"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Louisiana"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Benthos"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biomass"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Environmental monitoring"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Estuaries"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Estuarine organisms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Flexibility"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indicator species"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indicators"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Monitoring"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pollution indicators"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pollution monitoring"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Species diversity"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Zoobenthos"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Invertebrata"}],"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"Gulf Coast of the United States"},{"GeoTerm":"Louisiana"},{"GeoTerm":"Pensacola Bay"}],"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":102522,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":null,"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Assessments","ThestID":76310,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Assessments","ThestID":93633,"Acronym":"TRT","ThesTypID":3,"ThesType":"Transportation Research Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay","ThestID":182930,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Gulf Coast","ThestID":182950,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Louisiana","ThestID":182951,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Benthos","ThestID":877,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biomass","ThestID":999,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Environmental monitoring","ThestID":2811,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Estuaries","ThestID":2895,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Estuarine organisms","ThestID":2906,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Flexibility","ThestID":3311,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing","ThestID":53200,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing","ThestID":102079,"Acronym":"TRT","ThesTypID":3,"ThesType":"Transportation Research Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing","ThestID":145029,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indicator species","ThestID":4274,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indicators","ThestID":4275,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Monitoring","ThestID":5312,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pollution indicators","ThestID":6393,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pollution monitoring","ThestID":6397,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Species diversity","ThestID":7869,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Zoobenthos","ThestID":9438,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Invertebrata","AphiaID":null,"TaxtID":35317}],"geoterms":[{"GeoTerm":"Gulf Coast of the United States","GeoObjectID":30116,"GeotID":1234},{"GeoTerm":"Louisiana","GeoObjectID":19217,"GeotID":1235},{"GeoTerm":"Pensacola Bay","GeoObjectID":19191,"GeotID":1214}],"othterms":[{"OtherTerm":"Amphipods","OthtID":2119},{"OtherTerm":"Macrofauna","OthtID":3532},{"OtherTerm":"Macroinvertebrates","OthtID":3534},{"OtherTerm":"Polychaetes","OthtID":4051}],"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Assessments","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":76310,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Assessments","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":93633,"Acronym":"TRT","ThesTypID":3,"ThesType":"Transportation Research Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":182930,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Gulf Coast","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":182950,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"ASW, USA, Louisiana","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":182951,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Benthos","DutchTerm":"Benthos","ThestID":877,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biomass","DutchTerm":"Biomassa","ThestID":999,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Environmental monitoring","DutchTerm":"Milieumonitoring","ThestID":2811,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Estuaries","DutchTerm":"Estuaria","ThestID":2895,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Estuarine organisms","DutchTerm":"Estuariene organismen","ThestID":2906,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Flexibility","DutchTerm":"Flexibiliteit","ThestID":3311,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":53200,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":102079,"Acronym":"TRT","ThesTypID":3,"ThesType":"Transportation Research Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indexing","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":145029,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indicator species","DutchTerm":"Indicator soorten","ThestID":4274,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Indicators","DutchTerm":"Indicatoren","ThestID":4275,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Monitoring","DutchTerm":"Monitoring","ThestID":5312,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pollution indicators","DutchTerm":"Pollutieindicators","ThestID":6393,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Pollution monitoring","DutchTerm":"Pollutiemonitoring","ThestID":6397,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Species diversity","DutchTerm":"Soortendiversiteit","ThestID":7869,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Zoobenthos","DutchTerm":"Zoöbenthos","ThestID":9438,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Invertebrata","DutchTerm":"Ongewervelden","AphiaID":null,"TaxtID":35317}],"geotermsFRIS":[{"GeoTerm":"Gulf Coast of the United States","DutchTerm":null},{"GeoTerm":"Louisiana","DutchTerm":null},{"GeoTerm":"Pensacola Bay","DutchTerm":null}],"othtermsFRIS":[{"OtherTerm":"Amphipods","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":2119},{"OtherTerm":"Macrofauna","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":3532},{"OtherTerm":"Macroinvertebrates","DutchTerm":"Macroinvertebraten","OthtID":3534},{"OtherTerm":"Polychaetes","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":4051}],"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Milh, Dominique, D.","newSesDate":{"date":"2007-02-15 08:43:08.767000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"VLIZ2000\\eliene","updSesDate":{"date":"2014-08-12 08:31:44.120000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}