{"refrec":{"BRefID":107712,"RR":"<b>Hughes, R.N.</b> (1977). The biota of reef-flats and limestone cliffs near Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. <i>J. Nat. Hist. 11(1)</i>: 77-96","BEntID":102534,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Nat. Hist. 11(1)</i>: 77-96","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Hughes, R.N.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Hughes, R.N.","Englishabstract":"The Jeddah reef-flat is subject to marked seasonal changes. Mortalities of reef fish and invertebrates may occur during winter. High summer temps and salinity, coinciding with low seas, cause migrations of certain gastropods towards the breaker zone. Sargassum sp grows densely in the breaker zone from late spring to late November. Thereafter heavy seas tear up the fronds which contribute to the inshore detritus. Many invertebrates commence breeding in early spring. 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