{"refrec":{"BRefID":107852,"RR":"<b>Belgers, J.D.M.; Van Lieverloo, R.J.; Van der Pas, L.J.T.; Van den Brink, P.J.</b> (2007). Effects of the herbicide 2,4-D on the growth of nine aquatic macrophytes. <i>Aquat. Bot. 86(3)</i>: 260-268. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.11.002\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.11.002</a>","BEntID":102646,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Bot. 86(3)</i>: 260-268. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.11.002\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.11.002</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Belgers, J.D.M.; Van Lieverloo, R.J.; Van der Pas, L.J.T.; Van den Brink, P.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Belgers, J.D.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"A study was conducted to determine the effect of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on nine submersed macrophyte species. The first objective of the study was to investigate the sensitivity of various endpoints in macrophyte toxicity tests. A second objective was to investigate the implications of hormesis in the risk assessment of 2,4-D. 2,4-D was applied in concentrations ranging from 10 to 3000 μg L<sup>−1</sup>. Endpoints determined 4 weeks after the start of the treatment were based on shoot and root growth in water. The EC<sub>50</sub>s were calculated using models excluding and including a parameter describing hormesis. Results indicated that the total length of the roots can be regarded as a sensitive endpoint for the response of a macrophyte to 2,4-D. For the tested rooted macrophyte species, the EC<sub>50</sub> values for the length and number of the roots ranged from 92 to 997 and from 112 to 1807 μg L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. At low concentrations (10 and 30 μg L<sup>−1</sup>), stimulation of some of the endpoints (hormesis) was found for several of the species. 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