{"refrec":{"BRefID":107876,"RR":"<b>Edmunds, P.J.; Bruno, J.F.</b> (1996). The importance of sampling scale in ecology: kilometer-wide variation in coral reef communities. <i>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 143(1-3)</i>: 165-171","BEntID":102674,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 143(1-3)</i>: 165-171","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Edmunds, P.J.; Bruno, J.F.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Edmunds, P.J.; Bruno, J.F.","Englishabstract":"Observations along the north coast of Jamaica in 1994 suggested that areas of relatively high coral cover and high coral diversity occurred adjacent to reefs that have been in decline since 1980. This study was carried out to quantify these observations, to determine whether similar variation occurs elsewhere in the Caribbean, and to draw attention to the significance of kilometer-wide variation in coral reef community ecology. The fore reef (10 m depth) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, had <3% coral cover, 12 species of scleractinians and >60% macroalgae cover and appeared typical of a highly degraded Caribbean reef. However, neighboring reefs (<9 km away) in the same reef zone and at the same depth had up to 19 species of scleractinians, significantly higher coral cover (5 to 23%) and lower macroalgae cover (10 to 39%). Three reefs along the south coast of St. John, US Virgin Islands (10 m depth), which are protected within a National Park, displayed comparable kilometer-wide variation in coral cover (3 to 33%) and macroalgae cover (22 to 33%). The abundance of juvenile corals also displayed similar levels of kilometer-wide variation within both islands. These results demonstrate that several measures of coral reef community structure are highly variable over a spatial scale of kilometers; further study of these patterns may prove valuable in discerning the causes and consequences of coral demise. The existence of such large-scale variation emphasizes the importance of careful choice of sampling scale in the design and interpretation of monitoring programs in community ecology.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"The importance of sampling scale in ecology: kilometer-wide variation in coral reef communities","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1996,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2014-08-12","DateCreate":"2007-02-20","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:A1996VW68200016","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":107876,"PubliDate":1996,"Pagination":"165-171","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"143","Issue":"1-3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43354,"SerRR":"Marine Ecology Progress Series. Inter-Research: Oldendorf/Luhe.  ISSN 0171-8630; e-ISSN 1616-1599","StandardTitleSer":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","ISSN":"0171-8630","AbbrevSer":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":165,"Pages":7,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":{"Line1":"18111 Nordhoff Street","Email":null,"Line2":null,"EnvName":"USA"},"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Edmunds","Firstname":"Peter","Initials":"P.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":102674,"AutID":36217,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Bruno","Firstname":"John","Initials":"J.F.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":102674,"AutID":41992,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":261262,"LibID":36,"BRefID":107876,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"261262","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"VLIZ Open Access","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":53,"Classification":"Open access","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":1,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":null,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":null,"DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Inter-Research","City":"Oldendorf/Luhe"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Coral","ThestID":1881,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Animal products > Coral"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Community composition","ThestID":1730,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Composition > Community composition"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Environmental monitoring","ThestID":2811,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Monitoring > Environmental monitoring"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Coral reefs","ThestID":1885,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Reefs > Biogenic deposits > Coral reefs"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biological sampling","ThestID":985,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Sampling > Biological sampling"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Species diversity","ThestID":7869,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Species diversity"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biological sampling"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Community composition"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Coral"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Coral reefs"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Environmental monitoring"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Species diversity"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Acropora palmata"},{"TaxTerm":"Diadema antillarum"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":102674,"AbstractFlag":-1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":null,"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biological sampling","ThestID":985,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Community composition","ThestID":1730,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Coral","ThestID":1881,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Coral reefs","ThestID":1885,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Environmental monitoring","ThestID":2811,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Species diversity","ThestID":7869,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Acropora palmata [elkhorn coral]","AphiaID":288227,"TaxtID":36255},{"TaxTerm":"Diadema antillarum","AphiaID":124332,"TaxtID":24562}],"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biological sampling","DutchTerm":"Biologische staalname","ThestID":985,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Community composition","DutchTerm":"Gemeenschapssamenstelling","ThestID":1730,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Coral","DutchTerm":"Koraal","ThestID":1881,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Coral reefs","DutchTerm":"Koraalriffen","ThestID":1885,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Environmental monitoring","DutchTerm":"Milieumonitoring","ThestID":2811,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Species diversity","DutchTerm":"Soortendiversiteit","ThestID":7869,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Acropora palmata","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":288227,"TaxtID":36255},{"TaxTerm":"Diadema antillarum","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":124332,"TaxtID":24562}],"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Milh, Dominique, D.","newSesDate":{"date":"2007-02-20 09:43:04.770000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"VLIZ2000\\eliene","updSesDate":{"date":"2014-08-12 08:31:44.120000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}