{"refrec":{"BRefID":111035,"RR":"<b>Heynssens, E.</b> (2007). Functionele redundantie in mariene voedselwebben: voedingsexperimenten met harpacticoide copepoden en diatomeeën. MSc Thesis. Universiteit Gent. Faculteit Wetenschappen: Ghent.  62 pp.","BEntID":105684,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". MSc Thesis. Universiteit Gent. Faculteit Wetenschappen: Ghent.  62 pp.","DocTypID":5,"DocType":"Book/Monograph","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Heynssens, E.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Heynssens, E.","Englishabstract":"This paper consisted of two major parts. The first experiment compared the feeding ecologyof harpacticoid copepods in a species–rich community versus a species–poor community.The second one dealt with functional redundancy of harpacticoids through an interspecific and an intraspecific interaction experiment.The first experiment was conducted in Kuźnica and Hel (Poland). Undisturbed sediment wascollected at both sites. Two treatments were applied. In the first treatment, 13C enrichedSeminavis robusta was added at the upper layer of the sediment. In the second treatmentthe upper layer (0–3 cm) was removed and the enrichment took place at the –3 cm level.After 50 h of incubation, the experiment was ended by decantation and maintained informaldehyde–solution (4%). Meiofauna was extracted from the sediment (only for Kuźnica) by means of Ludox centrifugation. Subsequently, 20 individuals of each species from everysample were prepared for analysis. In Kuźnica 4 different species were identified:Paraleptastacus spinicauda, Nitokra spinipes, Huntemannia jadensis, and a bulkgroupconsisting of the species Halicyclops neglectus (Cyclopoida). In Hel only two species werecollected in sufficient numbers: P. spinicauda and Typhlamphiascus typhlops. Beyond the –3cm layer of Kuźnica there were not enough individuals present for an analysis at specieslevel.We found a significant enrichment for all copepods, except for H. jadensis and for T. typhlopsindividuals beyond the –3 cm layer when labelling was performed on the upper layer (0 cm).The organisms on the lower layer when labelling was performed at –3 cm, showed higher 13Cvalues than the organisms from the labelled top layer. In the lower layer there is less organicmaterial, and thus less non–enriched food. This increased the chance for a copepod feedingon the applied enriched diatoms. Paraleptastacus spinicauda is significantly more enriched inKuźnica then in Hel. This difference can be explained by the presence of T. typhlops in Hel.The latter species has about the same size, and thus will probably be a bigger competitorthan the species from Kuźnica.The second experiment existed of two parts and was conducted with three selected speciesfrom Paulina intertidal flat (The Netherlands): Ameiropsis longicornis, Microarthridion littoraleen Amphiascoides cfr. subdebilis. The first part was an interspecific experiment in which anartificial community, containing 3 species, was composed as treatment 1. Here there were 20individuals of every species present in one experimental unit, so the total was 60 individuals.Treatments 2–4 contained three different combinations of 2 species, with 30 individualseach. In treatments 5–7 there were 60 individuals of only one species that was present in thepetridish. The total amount of copepods was kept constant in order to exclude densitySummary - IX -effects. These treatments were established in petridishes with 13C enriched Naviculaphyllepta cells and artificial seawater. After 96 h of incubation the experiment was ended byfreezing the experimental units at –28 °C. Afterwards, 20 individuals per species were sortedrandomly from the dish, and prepared for further analysis.The outcome showed a significant enrichment for each species in comparison with thecontrol. Although the M. littorale uptake was obviously much lower then the uptake from theother two species. Microarthridion littorale showed a slightly larger uptake in treatment 1, soit is positively influenced by the presence of A. longicornis and A. cfr. subdebilis. The uptakeof A. cfr. subdebilis hardly showed any difference between the treatments. Amphiascoideslongicornis showed a decrease in uptake in combination with M. littorale, and thus wasnegatively influenced by the absence of A. cfr. subdebilis.The second part was an intraspecific experiment where for each species two densities arecompared. Each treatment contained only one species and the same amount of food (10 6 cells Navicula phyllepta). Treatments 1–3 were the same as treatment 5–7 in previousexperiment, here there were 60 individuals of each species in the dish. The remaining threetreatments contained 20 individuals of each species. This experiment lasted for 96 h and wasended by freezing the experimental vessels at –28 °C. Afterwards, 20 individuals were sortedrandomly and were prepared for analysis.This experiment showed no significant difference between both treatments for M. littorale andA. cfr. subdebilis. This may indicate that food was unlimited in the experimental unit. For A.longicornis an increased uptake was shown in the high density treatment. This surprisingresult may be explained by the fact that it is harder to find food when more copepods are inthe same dish or the rise of a stressfactor. So the search for food continued and more energywas needed, justifying a higher food–uptake.In general the first experiment concludes that the structure of a rich community, has apositive influence on the food uptake of a species (eg. P. spinicauda).The second experiment shows that only one of the three examined species is redundant, inspite of the fact that they all graze on diatoms. The absence of M. littorale leads to a higherspecific uptake for both remaining species. This concludes that M. littorale is redundant inthis artificial community. From this results it is impossible to conclude that M. littorale isredundant in its natural habitat, because also competition can play a major part.","AbstractOtherLang":"Voorliggende thesis omvat 2 experimenten. In het eerste werd de voedingsecologie van deharpacticoide copepoden uit een soortenrijke gemeenschap vergeleken met die uit eensoortenarme gemeenschap. In het tweede experiment werden inter– en intraspecifiekeinteracties onderzocht. Het mogelijk bestaan van functionele redundantie inharpacticoidengemeenschappen was hierbij het centrale onderzoeksthema.Het eerste experiment werd uitgevoerd in Kuźnica en Hel (Polen). Er werd op beide locatiesintact sediment verzameld waarop twee behandelingen uitgevoerd werden. In de eerstetreatment werd er aan de bovenste laag 13C gelabelde Seminavis robusta toegevoegd. In detweede treatment werd de toplaag (0–3 cm) van het sediment verwijderd en werd eraangerijkte Seminavis robusta toegevoegd op de laag op –3 cm diepte. Na 50 u incubatiewerd het experiment be・ndigd door decantatie en bewaard in een formaldehyde–oplossing (4%). Elk staal van Kuźnica werd opgespoeld met Ludox en de harpacticoide copepodenwerden op soortsniveau voorbereid voor stabiele isotopen analyse. In Kuźnica werden 4verschillende soorten onderzocht: Paraleptastacus spinicauda, Nitokra spinipes,Huntemannia jadensis, en een bulkgroep waarin voornamelijk Halicyclops neglectus(Cyclopoida) terug te vinden was. In Hel waren enkel P. spinicauda en Typhlamphiascustyphlops in voldoende aantallen aanwezig. In de onderste sedimentlagen (3–6 cm) vanKuźnica werden onvoldoende copepoden gevonden voor een soortspecifieke analyse.Er trad een significante aanrijking op bij alle copepoden, behalve bij H. jadensis en bij T.typhlops uit de onderste sedimentlaag met 13C aangerijkte diatomeeën op de toplaag (0 cm). De organismen van de onderste sedimentlaag bij aanrijking op –3 cm, vertoonden hogere13C waarden dan de organismen die afkomstig waren van de aangerijkte toplaag. Deongelijkheid in deze waarden zal waarschijnlijk te maken hebben met het feit dat er niet veelnatuurlijk voedsel aanwezig was in de diepere lagen, terwijl er een hogere hoeveelheidorganisch materiaal (niet–aangerijkt voedsel) terug te vinden was in de toplaag.Paraleptastacus spinicauda kwam op beide locaties voor, maar de aanrijking in Kuźnicableek significant groter dan in Hel. Men vermoedt dat dit verschil veroorzaakt wordt door deaanwezigheid van Typhlamphiascus typhlops in Hel. Deze soort heeft ongeveer dezelfdeafmetingen en waarschijnlijk is het een sterkere competitor dan de overige soorten uitKuźnica.Het tweede experiment bestond uit twee luiken en werd uitgevoerd met drie geselecteerdesoorten uit het Paulina schor (Nederland): Ameiropsis longicornis, Microarthridion littorale enAmphiascoides cfr. subdebilis. Het eerste deel omvatte een interspecifiek experiment waarbijeen artificiële gemeenschap met deze drie soorten samengesteld werd (treatment 1). In dezetreatment waren er van elke soort 20 individuen aanwezig wat resulteerde in een totaal van60 individuen. De reeksen 2–4 bevatten telkens een combinatie van 2 soorten, elk 30individuen. In de reeksen 5–7 was telkens slechts 1 soort aanwezig met 60 individuen perpetriplaat. Het totaal aantal individuen werd constant gehouden om densiteitseffecten uit tesluiten. Deze treatments werden opgesteld in petriplaatjes met 13C aangerijkte Naviculaphyllepta cellen en artificieel zeewater. De incubatieperiode van 96 u werd afgesloten doorinvriezen bij –28 °C. Naderhand werd er uit elk petriplaatje 20 individuen ad random,gewassen en gedroogd.Uit de analyse van de 13C opname bleek dat elke soort een significante opname vertoondeten opzichte van de controles. De opname van M. littorale lag wel beduidend lager dan deopname van de overige twee soorten. Microarthridion littorale vertoonde een licht verhoogdeopname in treatment 1, en werd dus positief beïnvloed door de aanwezigheid van de overigesoorten. De opname van A. cfr. subdebilis vertoonde nauwelijks verschillen in deverschillende reeksen. Amphiascoides longicornis vertoonde een sterk verlaagde opname incombinatie met M. littorale, en werd dus negatief beïnvloed door de afwezigheid van A. cfr.subdebilis.Het tweede luik bestond uit een intraspecifiek experiment, waar per soort twee densiteitenmet elkaar vergeleken worden. Hier bevatte elke treatment slechts 鳬n soort bij dezelfdevoedselhoeveelheid (106 cellen Navicula phyllepta). De reeksen 1–3 stemmen overeen metde reeksen 5–7 uit het vorige experiment. Reeks 4–6 bevatte telkens 20 individuen. Na eenincubatieperiode van 96 u werd het experiment afgesloten door invriezen bij –28 °C.Naderhand werd uit elk petriplaatje ad random 20 individuen gewassen en gedroogd.Uit de analyse bleek dat er bij M. littorale en A. cfr. subdebilis geen significant verschil optradtussen beiden. Dit kan te wijten zijn aan het feit dat het voedsel misschien niet gelimiteerdwas. Bij A. longicornis trad er een verhoogde opname op in het geval dat de abundantiehoger was. Dit was enigszins verrassend maar kan mogelijks verklaard worden door het feitdat het zoeken van voedsel bemoeilijkt werd of door het ontstaan van een zekerestressfactor door de aanwezigheid van meerdere individuen. Dit leidde tot een hogerenergieverbruik en dus was er een hogere voedselopname nodig.Algemeen kan uit het eerste experiment besloten worden dat het voorkomen in eensoortenrijke gemeenschap een positieve invloed heeft op de voedselopname van een soort(e.g. P. spinicauda).Uit het tweede experiment lijkt slechts 鳬n soort redundant, ondanks het feit dat ze alle driegrazen op diatomeeën. De afwezigheid van M. littorale resulteert in een verhoogdespecifieke opname voor beide overblijvende soorten. Microarthridion littorale is dusredundant in deze artifici・e gemeenschap. Dit betekent niet automatisch dat deze soort ookin zijn natuurlijke omgeving redundant is, want competitie kan ook een belangrijke factorspelen.","BibLvlCode":"M","StandardTitle":"Functionele redundantie in mariene voedselwebben: voedingsexperimenten met harpacticoide copepoden en diatomeeën","OrigTitleLangCode":"nl","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"dut","OrigTitleLangID":41,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:58:19.190595","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":null,"MonPub":2007,"DateUpdate":"2007-06-14","DateCreate":"2007-06-14","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":null,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":null,"monrec":{"MonID":111035,"ISBN":null,"PubliDate":2007,"IssueDate":null,"Volume":null,"Issue":null,"Pagination":"62","Place":"Ghent","Edition":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerID":null,"SerRR":null,"Ser2BRefID":null,"Ser2RR":null,"StandardTitleSer":null,"ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"Degree":"MSc","ThesisID":111035,"InsID":13,"Acronym":"MARBIOL","FullStandardName":"Universiteit Gent; 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