{"refrec":{"BRefID":112766,"RR":"<b>Hauxwell, J.; Frazer, T.K.; Osenberg, C.W.</b> (2007). An annual cycle of biomass and productivity of <i>Vallisneria americana</i> in a subtropical spring-fed estuary. <i>Aquat. Bot. 87(1)</i>: 61-68. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.03.003\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.03.003</a>","BEntID":107333,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Bot. 87(1)</i>: 61-68. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.03.003\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.03.003</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Hauxwell, J.; Frazer, T.K.; Osenberg, C.W.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Hauxwell, J.; Frazer, T.K.; Osenberg, C.W.","Englishabstract":"An annual cycle of biomass and productivity of wild celery (<i>Vallisneria americana</i>) was studied in Kings Bay, FL, USA. <i>In situ</i> growth rates were measured monthly between March 2001 and June 2002 in high-density stands, using a modified hole-punching technique, and applied to shoot density data to obtain areal estimates of production. Mean shoot density varied greatly over the study period, ranging between 200 and 800 shoots m<sup>−2</sup>. Mean total biomass ranged between 162 and 1013 g m<sup>−2</sup>, with aboveground material comprising, on average, 70% of total biomass. Total annual estimated production of new attached shoots was 519 g m<sup>−2</sup>. Leaf growth rates peaked at >50 mg shoot<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>, and mass-specific leaf growth ranged 0.6–1.8% d<sup>−1</sup>. Annually, individual shoots produced 7.4 g of leaf material and completely replaced standing leaf biomass 3.5 times. Areal leaf production was highest in late spring/summer of 2001, and ranged between 3.6 and 23.0 g m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>. Annual total leaf production was 2704 g m<sup>−2</sup>. Seasonality was not apparent in most variables monitored monthly; only 1 of the 64 relationships we examined between environmental variables (nutrients, chlorophyll a, and irradiance) and <i>Vallisneria</i> biological variables were significant, with relative growth rate increasing linearly with irradiance. Peak biomass and productivity of <i>Vallisneri</i>a in Kings Bay were high compared to literature values for other <i>Vallisneria</i> populations as well as global averages for well-studied seagrasses, emphasizing the potential importance of <i>Vallisneria</i> to whole ecosystem functioning in springs, lakes, and oligohaline reaches of many estuaries. 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