{"refrec":{"BRefID":112788,"RR":"<b>Sakurai, H.; Masukawa, H.</b> (2007). Promoting R & D in photobiological hydrogen production utilizing mariculture-raised cyanobacteria. <i>Mar. Biotechnol. 9(2)</i>: 128-145. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-006-6073-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-006-6073-x</a>","BEntID":107354,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Biotechnol. 9(2)</i>: 128-145. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-006-6073-x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-006-6073-x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Sakurai, H.; Masukawa, H.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Sakurai, H.; Masukawa, H.","Englishabstract":"This review article explores the potential of using mariculture-raised cyanobacteria as solar energy converters of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>). The exploitation of the sea surface for large-scale renewable energy production and the reasons for selecting the economical, nitrogenase-based systems of cyanobacteria for H<sub>2</sub> production, are described in terms of societal benefits. Reports of cyanobacterial photobiological H<sub>2</sub> production are summarized with respect to specific activity, efficiency of solar energy conversion, and maximum H<sub>2</sub> concentration attainable. The need for further improvements in biological parameters such as low-light saturation properties, sustainability of H<sub>2</sub> production, and so forth, and the means to overcome these difficulties through the identification of promising wild-type strains followed by optimization of the selected strains using genetic engineering are also discussed. Finally, a possible mechanism for the development of economical large-scale mariculture operations in conjunction with international cooperation and social acceptance is outlined. 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