{"refrec":{"BRefID":114684,"RR":"<b>Hégaret, H.; da Silva, P.M.; Wikfors, G.H.; Lambert, C.; De Bettignies, T.; Shumway, S.E.; Soudant, P.</b> (2007). Hemocyte responses of Manila clams, <i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i>, with varying parasite, <i>Perkinsus olseni</i>, severity to toxic-algal exposures. <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 84(4)</i>: 469-479. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.07.007\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.07.007</a>","BEntID":109080,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Toxicol. 84(4)</i>: 469-479. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.07.007\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.07.007</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Hégaret, H.; da Silva, P.M.; Wikfors, G.H.; Lambert, C.; De Bettignies, T.; Shumway, S.E.; Soudant, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Hégaret, H. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"This study assessed the possible combined effects of harmful algae and parasite infection on hemocyte and hemolymph parameters of a bivalve mollusc. Manila clams <i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i>, were exposed for 1 week, under controlled laboratory conditions, to bloom concentrations of two cultured dinoflagellates: <i>Karenia selliformis</i>, and <i>Karenia mikimotoi</i>, with demonstrated, sub-lethal, pathological effects upon these bivalves. Each dinoflagellate treatment was added to a basal diet of <i>Chaetoceros neogracile</i>; controls consisted of clams fed only <i>C. neogracile</i>. Hemocyte characteristics measured with flow-cytometric analyses, and agglutination titer, condition index, and prevalence and intensity of <i>Perkinsus olseni</i>, were assessed for individual clams before and after 3 and 6 days of microalgal exposure. Multifactor analysis of variance tests were conducted to determine possible effects of the harmful algae, time of exposure, and <i>P. olseni</i> intensity, as well as interactions between these three factors, upon each physiological variable measured. There was no relationship between <i>P. olseni</i> intensity and hemolymph measures. Both <i>Karenia</i> species, however, had a significant effect upon hemocyte profiles of the clams, and this effect was dependent upon duration of exposure; 3 days of exposure to the dinoflagellates generally was sufficient to resolve the effects on the clams. <i>K. selliformis</i> had a stronger effect than <i>K. mikimotoi</i>, which was intermediate between <i>K. selliformis</i> and clams fed the non-toxic control, <i>C. neogracile</i>. Total hemocyte counts increased in clams exposed to the harmful algae, while the percentage of dead hemocytes, as well as hemocyte size and complexity, decreased. Furthermore, these immunomodulating effects of <i>K. selliformis</i> were significantly more extreme in clams with a high parasite burden, compared with lightly infected clams. This report is, to our knowledge, the first study assessing the combined effects of harmful algae and parasite infection on a physiological function (hemocyte and hemolymph parameters) of a bivalve mollusc. These findings demonstrate that clams maintain hemocyte function when infected with <i>P. olseni</i>, that the clam immune system responds to harmful or toxic algal exposure, and that this response is modified by parasite infection. ","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Hemocyte responses of Manila clams, <i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i>, with varying parasite, <i>Perkinsus olseni</i>, severity to toxic-algal exposures","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-14 01:31:14.813024","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"bivalve; clam; dinoflagellate; HAB; harmful algae; Gymnodinium; Kareniaselliformis; Karenia mikimotoi; Perkinsus olseni; hemocyte","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2007,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-23","DateCreate":"2007-09-27","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000249874800009","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.07.007"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":114684,"PubliDate":2007,"Pagination":"469-479","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"84","Issue":"4","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42203,"SerRR":"Aquatic Toxicology. Elsevier Science: Tokyo; New York; London; Amsterdam.  ISSN 0166-445X; e-ISSN 1879-1514","StandardTitleSer":"Aquatic Toxicology","ISSN":"0166-445X","AbbrevSer":"Aquat. Toxicol.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":469,"Pages":11,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Hégaret","Firstname":"Hélène","Initials":"H.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":109080,"AutID":76004,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"da Silva","Firstname":"Patricia Mirella","Initials":"P.M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":109080,"AutID":76005,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Wikfors","Firstname":"Gary","Initials":"G.H.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":109080,"AutID":36132,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Lambert","Firstname":"Christophe","Initials":"C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":109080,"AutID":70910,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"De Bettignies","Firstname":"Thibaut","Initials":"T.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":109080,"AutID":76006,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Shumway","Firstname":"Sandra","Initials":"S.E.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":109080,"AutID":11191,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Soudant","Firstname":"Philippe","Initials":"P.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":109080,"AutID":17812,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":353327,"LibID":36,"BRefID":114684,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"353327","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Elsevier Science","City":"Tokyo; New York; London; Amsterdam"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"ANE, France, Brittany, Morbihan Gulf","ThestID":182013,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"ANE, France, Brittany, Morbihan Gulf"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Bivalves","ThestID":118769,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTermPath":"Bivalves"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Dinoflagellates","ThestID":59777,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTermPath":"Dinoflagellates"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine molluscs","ThestID":5010,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Fauna > Aquatic organisms > Aquatic animals > Shellfish > Marine organisms > Marine molluscs"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Parasitic infestation","ThestID":6005,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Parasitic infestation"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Clams","ThestID":126450,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTermPath":"Products > Food > Foods > Products > Seafoods > Bivalvia > Shellfish > Clams"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"ANE, France, Brittany, Morbihan Gulf"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Bivalves"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Clams"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Dinoflagellates"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine molluscs"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Gymnodinium"},{"TaxTerm":"Karenia selliformis"},{"TaxTerm":"Perkinsus olseni"},{"TaxTerm":"Ruditapes philippinarum"}],"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"Morbihan Bay"}],"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":109080,"AbstractFlag":-1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":109080,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.07.007","externalID":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.07.007","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":8565,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"ANE, France, Brittany, Morbihan Gulf","ThestID":182013,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Bivalves","ThestID":118769,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Clams","ThestID":126450,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Dinoflagellates","ThestID":59777,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine molluscs","ThestID":5010,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Parasitic infestation","ThestID":6005,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Gymnodinium","AphiaID":109475,"TaxtID":17471},{"TaxTerm":"Karenia selliformis","AphiaID":246594,"TaxtID":36541},{"TaxTerm":"Perkinsus olseni","AphiaID":395021,"TaxtID":36540},{"TaxTerm":"Ruditapes philippinarum","AphiaID":231750,"TaxtID":23435}],"geoterms":[{"GeoTerm":"Morbihan Bay","GeoObjectID":9033,"GeotID":295}],"othterms":[{"OtherTerm":"Harmful algae","OthtID":17029},{"OtherTerm":"Hemocyte","OthtID":16813}],"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"ANE, France, Brittany, Morbihan Gulf","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":182013,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Bivalves","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":118769,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Clams","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":126450,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTypID":4,"ThesType":"CAB Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Dinoflagellates","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":59777,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine molluscs","DutchTerm":"Mariene weekdieren","ThestID":5010,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Parasitic infestation","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":6005,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"}],"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Gymnodinium","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":109475,"TaxtID":17471},{"TaxTerm":"Karenia selliformis","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":246594,"TaxtID":36541},{"TaxTerm":"Perkinsus olseni","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":395021,"TaxtID":36540},{"TaxTerm":"Ruditapes philippinarum","DutchTerm":"Aziatische tapijtschelp","AphiaID":231750,"TaxtID":23435}],"geotermsFRIS":[{"GeoTerm":"Morbihan Bay","DutchTerm":null}],"othtermsFRIS":[{"OtherTerm":"Harmful algae","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":17029},{"OtherTerm":"Hemocyte","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":16813}],"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2007-09-27 09:36:04.197000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2020-10-23 07:01:24.213000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}