{"refrec":{"BRefID":114787,"RR":"<b>Sederias, J.; Colman, B.</b> (2007). The interaction of light and low temperature on breaking the dormancy of <i>Chara vulgaris</i> oospores. <i>Aquat. Bot. 87(3)</i>: 229-234. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.06.008\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.06.008</a>","BEntID":109177,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Aquat. Bot. 87(3)</i>: 229-234. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.06.008\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.06.008</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Sederias, J.; Colman, B.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Sederias, J.; Colman, B.","Englishabstract":"Germination and dormancy-breaking requirements have been investigated of <i>Chara vulgaris</i>, L. oospores harvested from surface sediments and from the plants of two lakes, Schumacher and Little Pearl in the locality of Timmins, northern Ontario. Oospores exhibited contrasting germination rates of 4–5% for fresh and 28–45% for sedimentary oospores. Dormancy of sedimentary oospores was readily broken by after-ripening for 60 days at 4 °C followed by exposure to white or red light, or by gibberellic acid (GA) in light (49–74% germination), whereas fresh oospores were less responsive (12–22% germination) to such treatments. Treatment of oospores by stratification or with GA or exposure to red light caused the induction of α-amylase activity. Abscisic acid reduced the effect of stratification and inhibited the GA-enhanced germination of sedimentary oospores, providing evidence of the participation of a phytochrome mechanism and hormonal regulation in the breaking of oospore dormancy. These results indicate that <i>C. vulgaris</i> oospores exhibit primary dormancy when first released from the parent plant, which is broken by exposure to low temperature, followed by secondary dormancy which is broken by a further period of stratification and exposure to light. Oospores from both lakes responded similarly to the dormancy-breaking treatments, but their overall viabilities were significantly different. 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