{"refrec":{"BRefID":116617,"RR":"<b>Middelboe, M.; Jørgensen, N.O.G.</b> (2006). Viral lysis of bacteria: an important source of dissolved amino acids and cell wall compounds. <i>J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 86(3)</i>: 605-612. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315406013518\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315406013518</a>","BEntID":110934,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 86(3)</i>: 605-612. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315406013518\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315406013518</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Middelboe, M.; Jørgensen, N.O.G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Middelboe, M.; Jørgensen, N.O.G.","Englishabstract":"Viral infection of bacteria causes release of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is available for bacterial uptake. In aquatic environments, this virus-mediated transformation of living cells into dissolved and colloidal organic matter may be a quantitatively important process in the pelagic recycling of carbon and nutrients, but little is known about the amount, composition, or bioavailability of viral lysates. By using a model system of a marine bacterium (<i>Cellulophaga</i> sp.) and a virus specific to this bacterium, the present study provides a first quantification of the input of dissolved free and combined amino acids (DFAA and DCAA) and bacterial cell wall compounds following viral lysis. The DCAA constituted 51-86% of the total virus-mediated organic carbon release of 1087-1825 µg Cl<sup>-1</sup> (estimated biomass of the lysed bacteria), whereas DFAA and glucosamine each accounted for 2-3% of total lysate-C. The viral particles themselves constituted 4-6% of the released organic carbon, and altogether, the applied analyses thus identified 53-92% of the released lysates. Approximately 12% of the identified compounds were derived from bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, including various D-isomers of DFAA and DCAA, glucosamine and diaminopimelic acid (DAPA). Although a portion of this cell wall material may have entered the pool of refractory material, a significant fraction of some peptidoglycan-derived components, e.g. 83% of the released D-DFAA, were removed from the dissolved phase during the last part of the incubations, suggesting that part of the cell wall material were utilized by the developing virus-resistant <i>Cellulophaga</i> population. Therefore, we suggest that virus-mediated DOM is a source of a variety of organic compounds, which contribute significantly to the pool of rapidly recycling material in the ocean.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Viral lysis of bacteria: an important source of dissolved amino acids and cell wall compounds","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-06-11 01:31:36.269152","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2006,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-23","DateCreate":"2007-11-08","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000237149800018","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1017/S0025315406013518"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":116617,"PubliDate":2006,"Pagination":"605-612","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"86","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43277,"SerRR":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Cambridge University Press/Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom: Cambridge.  ISSN 0025-3154; e-ISSN 1469-7769","StandardTitleSer":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","ISSN":"0025-3154","AbbrevSer":"J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":605,"Pages":8,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Middelboe","Firstname":"Mathias","Initials":"M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":110934,"AutID":36616,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":22978,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Jørgensen","Firstname":"Niels","Initials":"N.O.G.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":110934,"AutID":76859,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":353434,"LibID":36,"BRefID":116617,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"353434","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br />en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.</p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Cambridge University Press","City":"Cambridge"},{"PublName":"Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","City":"Cambridge"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":null,"thestermsASFA":null,"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":110934,"AbstractFlag":-1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":110934,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315406013518","externalID":"10.1017/S0025315406013518","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":8874,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http://dx.doi.org/"}],"thesterms":null,"taxterms":null,"geoterms":null,"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":null,"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Chisala, Chilekwa, C.","newSesDate":{"date":"2007-11-08 12:45:35.857000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2020-10-23 07:01:24.213000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}