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The method captures not only the food source connection but also those species that contribute to the food source, those at the next level that contribute to those sources, and so on, until all the exchanges have been assigned without ambiguity. The method even captures the indirect connection that a species may have to itself. A small change in the activity level of any species in an ecosystem affects all the rest; we can show the effect of that change on each species in the system. We followed the fate of absorbed solar energy to trace the connections between the elements of this ecosystem, although any external input (e.g., phosphorus, nitrogen) could have been used, depending on the objectives of the analysis. We traced only physical exchanges in the sample ecosystem, but measurable nonphysical exchanges, such as pollinator time in a terrestrial ecosystem, could be included. 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