{"refrec":{"BRefID":119846,"RR":"<b>Malea, P.; Rijstenbil, J.W.; Haritonidis, S.</b> (2006). Effects of cadmium, zinc and nitrogen status on non-protein thiols in the macroalgae <i>enteromorpha spp.</i> from the Scheldt estuary (SW Netherlands, Belgium) and Thermaikos Gulf (n Aegean Sea, Greece). <i>Mar. Environ. Res. 62(1)</i>: 45-60. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.03.002\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.03.002</a>","BEntID":114070,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Environ. Res. 62(1)</i>: 45-60. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.03.002\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.03.002</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Malea, P.; Rijstenbil, J.W.; Haritonidis, S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Malea, P. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"<i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> (Scheldt Estuary) and <i>E. linza</i> (Thermaikos Gulf) were incubated at three salinities with 100 and 200 µg L<sup>-1</sup>Cd and Zn. The objective was to measure effects of Cd, Zn and nitrogen (N) status on the pools of metal-binding non-protein thiols: glutathione and phytochelatins, (?-glutamyl-cysteinyl)<sub>n</sub>-glycine (PC). In <i>E. linza</i>, ammonium pools were higher, but amino acid pools, total N and protein contents were lower than in <i>E. prolifera</i>. Reduced glutathione (GSH) pools were positively correlated with free glutamate and protein contents. In <i>E. linza</i> GSH pools increased and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:(GSH + 0.5GSSG)), an indicator of oxidative stress, decreased with Cd contents, indicating Cd-induced glutathione oxidation. Total glutathione pools (reduced plus oxidized) ranged from 16 nmol S gdwt<sup>-1</sup> in controls (at 0.5 µmol Cd gdwt<sup>-1</sup>) to 179 nmol S gdwt<sup>-1</sup> (at 1.9 µmol Cd gdwt<sup>-1</sup>) at the highest cadmium dosage. Cadmium stimulated PC synthesis in <i>E. prolifera</i> which suggests that in N-rich algae, glutathione pools were high enough for PC synthesis. In both species GSH and protein increased with Zn contents, whereas GSH:(GSH + 0.5GSSG) decreased, which would indicate Zn-induced oxidative stress; in <i>E. linza</i>, at the highest salinity the glutathione redox ratio decreased from 0.61 (at 2.9 µmol Zn gdwt<sup>-1</sup>) to 0.26 (at 4.9 nmol S gdwt<sup>-1</sup>) (at 0.5 mol Cd gdwt<sup>-1</sup>). PCs were not synthesized in response to Zn, which may have resulted in Zn-induced GSH oxidation. The presence of both oxidative effects (Cd, Zn) and detoxification (Cd) could be identified by observing the responses of glutathione and PC pools to metal stress.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Effects of cadmium, zinc and nitrogen status on non-protein thiols in the macroalgae <i>enteromorpha spp.</i> from the Scheldt estuary (SW Netherlands, Belgium) and Thermaikos Gulf (n Aegean Sea, Greece)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"cadmium; Enteromorpha; glutathione; macroalgae; phytochelatins; zinc","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2006,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2015-11-06","DateCreate":"2008-02-19","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000238812300004","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.03.002"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":119846,"PubliDate":2006,"Pagination":"45-60","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"62","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43357,"SerRR":"Marine Environmental Research. 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