{"refrec":{"BRefID":120288,"RR":"<b>Tangen, K.; Brand, L.E.; Blackwelder, P.L.; Guillard, R.R.L.</b> (1982). <i>Thoracosphaera heimii</i> (Lohmann) Kamptner is a dinophyte: observations on its morphology and life cycle. <i>Mar. Micropaleontol. 7(3)</i>: 193-212. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(82)90002-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(82)90002-0</a>","BEntID":114463,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Micropaleontol. 7(3)</i>: 193-212. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(82)90002-0\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(82)90002-0</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Tangen, K.; Brand, L.E.; Blackwelder, P.L.; Guillard, R.R.L.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Tangen, K. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Thirty clones of <i>T. Heimii</i> (Lohmann) Kamptner have been isolated and cultured from oceanic waters of the western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Observations on the life cycle and morphology of one clone isolated from the Sargasso Sea are reported herein. The calcareous cell wall is present in the coccoid, vegetative life phase. Reproduction is accomplished by the formation of transitory aplanospore or planospore stages or occasionally by binary fission of weakly calcified cells. The planospore is non-thecate and <i>Gymnodinium</i> like with an undulating transverse flagellum and a whip-like longitudinal flagellum. All life stages possess chloroplasts and a nucleus with continually condensed chromosomes. The planospore morphology and the dinocaryotic nucleus demonstrate that <i>T. 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