{"refrec":{"BRefID":121986,"RR":"<b>Giardino, A.</b> (2008). Numerical modelling of sediment transport in shelf seas and estuaries. Case studies: the Kwinte Bank and the Ijzermonding. PhD Thesis. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL): Leuven. ISBN 978-90-5682-929-2. 182 pp.","BEntID":116067,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". PhD Thesis. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL): Leuven. ISBN 978-90-5682-929-2. 182 pp.","DocTypID":5,"DocType":"Book/Monograph","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Giardino, A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Giardino, A.","Englishabstract":"The increasing economical and environmental attraction towards coastal and offshore areas has put relevant pressure into the understanding of the different processes taking part in this zone. Sediment transport, in particular, affects directly several human activities and has a strong impact on marine biology. From a physical point of view, bottom morphology and dynamics play a key role with respect to hydrodynamics and wave processes. The interaction with the bottom modifies the current velocity profile, the energy content of the wave field and their shape. Despite its importance, sediment transport prediction still contains very high margins of uncertainty. Sediment characteristics are often scarcely known, the interaction with waves and currents are difficult to model and the number of field measurements for a validation of the calculations very limited.<br>In this work, three different numerical models were set-up in order to simulate the hydrodynamic flow, the wave field and their effects on sediment transport. The possibility of running the different models as separate applications or in coupled mode, allowed assessing the relative importance of waves and currents and their joint effect.<br>Two different study areas were considered for a validation of the numerical models: a typical sandy environment represented by a sand bank in the North Sea (Kwinte Bank) and a prevalently muddy environment represented by an estuary of the Belgian coast (IJzermonding). The application of the models to two different environments allowed testing different approaches and formulations typical for non-cohesive and cohesive sediments. Model verification involved a comparison with hydrodynamic, wave, sediment transport and bottom data.<br>At the Kwinte Bank both, waves and currents were considered as driving forces of sediments at the bottom. Two issues were investigated: the consequences of sand extraction on the sediment transport at the sand bank and the effect of wave activity on the morphodynamic evolution of the bank. Numerical modelling indicates that the Kwinte Bank stability is not endangered by the intense sand extraction. On the other hand, wave activity seems to play a central role in enhancing the magnitude of sand transport and changing its direction.<br>In the modelling work at the IJzermonding, wave activity was neglected. The high complexity of sediment dynamics in this area and the strong anthropogenic impact necessitated the use of a variety of measurements in the interpretation of model results. The amount of deposited sediment was calculated and compared to the volumes yearly dredged. Erosion and deposition areas calculated by the model were verified by the use of airborne images.","AbstractOtherLang":"De toenemende aandacht voor kustgebieden zowel economisch als ecologisch gaat gepaard met een toenemende belangstelling en druk om de verschillende processen die zich afspelen in die zone beter te begrijpen.  Sedimenttransport heeft een directe weerslag op menselijke activiteiten en heeft bovendien een grote impact op het mariene milieu. Vanuit een puur fysisch standpunt beïnvloedt de morfologie de dynamiek van stromingen en golven en vice versa.  De interactie met de bodem heeft een weerslag op het snelheidsprofiel van de stromingen en op de energieinhoud en vorm van de golven.  Ondanks hun belang zijn voorspellingen van sedimenttransport nog altijd heel onzeker. Sedimentkarakteristieken zijn niet altijd goed gekend, de interactie met golven en stromingen zijn moeilijk te modelleren en het aantal veldmetingen voor de kalibratie en validatie van berekeningen is beperkt.<br> In dit onderzoek werden drie verschillende numerieke modellen opgezet om de stromingen en golven enerzijds en hun effect op het sedimenttransport anderzijds te modelleren.  De mogelijkheid om de verschillende modellen ofwel afzonderlijk ofwel gekoppeld te laten lopen, liet toe om het relatieve belang van golven en stromingen afzonderlijk en gecombineerd te onderzoeken.<br> Twee verschillende gebieden werden uitgekozen voor de validatie van de numerieke modellen: een typisch zandig gebied met name een zandbank in de Noordzee (de Kwintebank) en een typisch modderige omgeving met name de “IJzermonding”, een klein estuarium aan de Belgische kust.  Door deze twee gebieden te kiezen als toepassing konden de verschillende manieren van aanpak en de verschillende formules voor transport van zowel niet-cohesieve als cohesieve sedimenten uitgetest worden.  Model validatie gebeurde aan de hand van vergelijkingen met metingen van stromingen, golven, sedimenttransport en bodemprofiel.<br> Op de Kwintebank zijn stromingen en golven de drijvende kracht voor sedimenttransport.  Twee zaken werden bekeken: i) de gevolgen van zandextractie op het sedimenttransport op de zandbank; en ii) het effect van golfwerking op de morfodynamische evolutie van de zandbank.  Uit de numerieke simulaties blijkt dat de stabiliteit van de Kwintebank niet in gevaar werd gebracht door de vrij intense zandextractie.  Aan de andere kant is gebleken dat de activiteit van de golven een centrale rol speelt niet alleen in de hoeveelheid sedimenttransport, maar ook in de richting ervan.<br> In de IJzermonding werd het effect van de golven niet in rekening gebracht. Omwille van de hoge complexiteit van de sedimentdynamiek en omwille van de niet geringe antropogene invloed in dit gebied was het nodig om een verscheidenheid aan metingen te gebruiken voor de interpretatie van de modelresultaten.  De hoeveelheid sedimentatie werd bijvoorbeeld vergeleken met jaarlijks gebaggerde volumes.  En de gebieden waar volgens het model erosie of depositie plaats vindt, werden kwalitatief geverifieerd aan de hand van de uit hyperspectrale beeldopnames afgeleide evolutie van het gebied.","BibLvlCode":"M","StandardTitle":"Numerical modelling of sediment transport in shelf seas and estuaries. 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