{"refrec":{"BRefID":122734,"RR":"<b>Winterwerp, J.C.</b> (2001). Stratification effects by cohesive and noncohesive sediment. <i>J. Geophys. Res. 106(C10)</i>: 22559-22574. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000435\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000435</a>","BEntID":116763,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>J. Geophys. Res. 106(C10)</i>: 22559-22574. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000435\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000435</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Winterwerp, J.C.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Winterwerp, J.C.","Englishabstract":"This study focuses on stratification effects induced by the interaction between suspensions of fine-grained cohesive and noncohesive sediment and the turbulent flow in estuarine and coastal environments. A concise literature review reveals that this interaction may cause an appreciable modification of the vertical profiles of velocity, vertical eddy viscosity/diffusivity, and Reynolds stresses. This interaction is further studied with a one-dimensional vertical (1DV) numerical model, which includes the standard k-? turbulence model with buoyancy destruction terms. Application of this model to the experimental results by <i>Coleman</i> [1981] shows that the measured changes in the velocity profile can be explained entirely by sediment-induced buoyancy effects.<br>It is argued that when the carrying capacity for cohesive sediment is exceeded, a fluid mud layer is formed upon the deposition of the cohesive sediment floes, contrary to the case with noncohesive sediment, where the depositing grains immediately form a rigid bed. Thus a two-layer fluid system develops causing significant damping of the vertical mixing processes, decreasing the carrying capacity further. This positive feed back results in a catastrophic collapse of the turbulence field and the concentration profile. A scaling law for this saturation behavior is derived from classical stratified flow theory. This law is sustained with a series of numerical experiments with the 1DV model. It also predicts the suspended sediment concentrations observed in the Yellow River to the right order of magnitude.<br>It is concluded that sediment-induced buoyancy yields appreciable stratification effects at already moderate suspended sediment concentrations. In the case of cohesive sediment these stratification effects can result in a catastrophic collapse of the turbulent flow field and the vertical profile of suspended sediment concentration.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Stratification effects by cohesive and noncohesive sediment","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-22 01:31:37.727550","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2001,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2022-02-15","DateCreate":"2008-06-02","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000171468300030","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1029/2000JC000435"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":122734,"PubliDate":2001,"Pagination":"22559-22574","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"106","Issue":"C10","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":90908,"SerRR":"Journal of Geophysical Research. 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