{"refrec":{"BRefID":123388,"RR":"<b>Yeong, Y.S.</b> (2008). Protection of <i>Artemia</i> from vibriosis by heat shock and heat shock proteins. PhD Thesis. Ghent University: Gent. ISBN 978-90-5989-224-8. 154 pp.","BEntID":117413,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". PhD Thesis. Ghent University: Gent. ISBN 978-90-5989-224-8. 154 pp.","DocTypID":5,"DocType":"Book/Monograph","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Yeong, Y.S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Yeong, Y.S.","Englishabstract":"Disease imposes an important constraint on aquaculture and in this context vibriosis brings about massive mortalities in many commercial species, ranging from fish to shrimp, with resultant heavy monetary losses. Antibiotics are frequently used to control disease but this is expensive and entails severe negative impacts on living organisms and the environment. Therefore, an urgent need exists to develop effective prophylactic measures which will reduce antibiotic use and the environmental impact of aquaculture.  During my work the application of heat shock proteins (Hsps) as an approach to disease control in aquaculture was explored, with gnotobiotic <i>Artemia franciscana</i> larvae as the model organism. In chapter 4, a non-lethal heat shock (NLHS) protocol for induction of endogenous Hsp70 in <i>Artemia</i> was optimized. Specifically, axenic larvae incubated at 28°C were heat shocked at 32, 37 and 40°C for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min, with recovery periods of 2, 6, 12 and 24 h and then tested for resistance against <i>Vibrio campbellii</i> and <i>V. proteolyticus</i>. An NLHS of 37°C for 30 min followed by a 6 h recovery period optimally enhanced resistance of <i>Artemia</i> larvae against pathogenic vibrios and induced Hsp70 maximally. The resulting twofold increase in survival of larvae to pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> in concert with stress protein synthesis suggested that Hsp70 functions in protection.  The expression of Hsp70 in <i>Artemia</i> larvae following exposure to abiotic stressors including a hypothermic stress from 28°C to 4°C for 1 h, a combined hypo- and hyperthermic stress with temperature reduction from 28°C to 4°C for 1 h followed by incubation at 37°C for 30 min, and several osmotic stresses with change from 30g/l to 4, 50, 100 and 150g/l for 30 min was examined in chapter 5. The effects on animal weight loss, induced thermotolerance, and resistance against <i>V. campbellii</i> were determined. Immunoprobing of western blots revealed a single polypeptide of approximately 70 kDa, which increased only in larvae exposed to combined hypo- and hyperthermic shock. A lower ash free dry weight,  reflecting reduced growth, was detected in animals stressed at salinities of 100 and 150 g/l and from the combined hypothermic/hyperthermic treatment. Conversely, weight loss was not apparent in larvae experiencing hypothermic stress treatment and osmotic stress at 4 and 50 g/l. Thermotolerance and protection against infection by <i>V. campbellii</i> were significantly enhanced in larvae preconditioned with a combined hypo- and hyperthermic stress. The data support a causal link between Hsp accumulations as monitored by Hsp70 induced by abiotic stress and enhanced resistance to infection by <i>V. campbellii</i>, perhaps via stimulation of the <i>Artemia</i> immune system.  In chapter 6, the protective properties of exogenous Hsps were investigated. Heat shocked <i>E. coli</i> strains CAG 626 and CAG 629, and transformed <i>E. coli</i> over-expressing the three Hsp combinations DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES, DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE, and GroEL-GroES were fed to <i>Artemia</i> larvae prior to <i>V. campbellii</i> challenge. Heat shocking strain CAG 626 enhanced its ability to safeguard <i>Artemia</i> larvae from <i>Vibrio</i> infection by approximately twofold whereas CAG 629, which does not increase Hsp production upon heat shock, failed to provide protection. Feeding <i>Artemia</i> larvae with <i>E. coli</i> over-producing DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE significantly increased larval resistance to <i>V. campbellii</i>, suggesting a role for these proteins in protection, possibly via immune enhancement. In contrast, this effect was not observed in larvae fed with <i>E. coli</i> over-producing GroEL-GroES. To test the role of DnaK larvae were fed with E. coli over-producing only this protein and this led to a 3-fold increase in <i>Artemia</i> survival.  The protective effects of bacterially encapsulated heat shock proteins in <i>Artemia</i> larvae were investigated further in chapter 7. Heated bacterial strains LVS 2 (<i>Bacillus</i> sp), LVS 3 (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>), LVS 8 (<i>Vibrio</i> sp), GR 8 (<i>Cytophaga</i> sp) and GR 10 (<i>Roseobacter</i> sp), verified by probing of western blots to over-produce DnaK, were fed once to gnotobiotic <i>Artemia</i> larvae and their effects were examined in <i>V. campbellii</i> challenges.  All heated bacterial strains were more effective than non-heated bacteria in defending gnotobiotic <i>Artemia</i> larvae against <i>V. campbellii</i> challenge. Immunoprobing of western blots and quantification by ELISA revealed that the amount of DnaK in bacteria, and their ability to enhance larval resistance to <i>V. campbellii</i> infection, were correlated. DnaK and/or other Hsps, improved resistance of <i>Artemia</i> against <i>Vibrio</i> infection, perhaps by immune stimulation.  In conclusion, the outcome from this PhD work revealed that <i>Artemia</i> resistance to <i>Vibrio</i> infection is enhanced, perhaps by stimulation of the immune response, upon elevating endogenous Hsps by non-lethal heat shock and through administration of heat-shocked bacteria. The feeding of <i>E. coli</i> under an arabinose inducible promoter, also providing protection against <i>V. campbellii</i>, clearly placed Hsp70 as the focal point of attention. Both techniques represent efficient strategies to control <i>Vibrio</i> infection in <i>Artemia</i> and may serve as alternatives to antibiotic use in aquaculture.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"M","StandardTitle":"Protection of <i>Artemia</i> from vibriosis by heat shock and heat shock proteins","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":null,"MonPub":2008,"DateUpdate":"2008-11-25","DateCreate":"2008-06-27","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":null,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":null,"monrec":{"MonID":123388,"ISBN":"978-90-5989-224-8","PubliDate":2008,"IssueDate":null,"Volume":null,"Issue":null,"Pagination":"154","Place":"Gent","Edition":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerID":null,"SerRR":null,"Ser2BRefID":null,"Ser2RR":null,"StandardTitleSer":null,"ISSN":null,"AbbrevSer":null,"Degree":"PhD","ThesisID":123388,"InsID":22,"Acronym":"ARC","FullStandardName":"Universiteit Gent; Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen; Vakgroep Dierwetenschappen en Aquatische Ecologie; Laboratorium voor Aquacultuur en Artemia Reference Center","ToPubliDate":null,"SerNotes":null,"eISBN":null,"Pages":154},"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Yeong","Firstname":null,"Initials":"Y.S.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":117413,"AutID":81133,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":136158,"LibID":36,"BRefID":123388,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":1,"ShelfLocCode":"136158","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":null,"Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Open Marien Archief","URL":null,"ClassifID":235,"Classification":"Open Marine Archive","ReqLink":null,"ClassifTypID":5,"URLLocation":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/","SubDir":0,"InternalReq":0,"LoggedInReq":0,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_OMA","DutchDisclaimer":null,"FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":[{"LitStyID":7,"Style":"Dissertation"}],"thespers":[{"PersID":125,"Surname":"Bossier","Firstname":"Peter","Initials":"P.","Role":"Promotor"},{"PersID":35,"Surname":"Sorgeloos","Firstname":"Patrick","Initials":"P.","Role":"Promotor"}],"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":null,"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Animal diseases","ThestID":388,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Diseases > Animal diseases"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Vibriosis","ThestID":8990,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Diseases > Animal diseases > Fish diseases > Bacterial diseases > Vibriosis"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Heat shock","ThestID":9646,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Environmental effects > Temperature effects > Heat shock"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Animal diseases"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Heat shock"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Vibriosis"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Artemia franciscana"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"OMA - 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