{"refrec":{"BRefID":125950,"RR":"<b>Danovaro, R.; Dell'Anno, A.; Corinaldesi, C.; Magagnini, M.; Noble, R.T.; Tamburini, C.; Weinbauer, M.G.</b> (2008). Major viral impact on the functioning of benthic deep-sea ecosystems. <i>Nature (Lond.) 454(7208)</i>: 1084-1087","BEntID":120090,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Nature (Lond.) 454(7208)</i>: 1084-1087","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Danovaro, R.; Dell'Anno, A.; Corinaldesi, C.; Magagnini, M.; Noble, R.T.; Tamburini, C.; Weinbauer, M.G.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Danovaro, R. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Viruses are the most abundant biological organisms of the world's oceans. Viral infections are a substantial source of mortality in a range of organisms - including autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton - but their impact on the deep ocean and benthic biosphere is completely unknown. Here we report that viral production in deep-sea benthic ecosystems worldwide is extremely high, and that viral infections are responsible for the abatement of 80% of prokaryotic heterotrophic production. Virus-induced prokaryotic mortality increases with increasing water depth, and beneath a depth of 1,000 m nearly all of the prokaryotic heterotrophic production is transformed into organic detritus. The viral shunt, releasing on a global scale ~0.37-0.63 gigatonnes of carbon per year, is an essential source of labile organic detritus in the deep-sea ecosystems. This process sustains a high prokaryotic biomass and provides an important contribution to prokaryotic metabolism, allowing the system to cope with the severe organic resource limitation of deep-sea ecosystems. 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