{"refrec":{"BRefID":126109,"RR":"<b>Galil, B.S.</b> (2008). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea - which, when, where, why? <i>Hydrobiologia 606(1)</i>: 105-116. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9342-z\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9342-z</a>","BEntID":120231,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":" <i>Hydrobiologia 606(1)</i>: 105-116. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9342-z\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9342-z</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Galil, B.S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Galil, B.S.","Englishabstract":"A critical evaluation of more than 2,200 publications, some dating back to the late 1800s, established the presence, and traced the spatio-temporal spread, of 558 alien metazoan species in the Mediterranean Sea. The majority of aliens in the eastern Mediterranean entered through the Suez Canal, whereas mariculture and shipping are powerful means of introduction in the northwestern Mediterranean and in the Adriatic Sea. Most aliens are thermophilic species. The possible causes for the epic scale of invasion in the Mediterranean Sea are discussed.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea - which, when, where, why?","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"bioinvasion; alien species; Mediterranean; dataset; stressors; globalwarming","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2008,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2021-02-09","DateCreate":"2008-09-09","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000254903400011","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1007/s10750-008-9342-z"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":126109,"PubliDate":2008,"Pagination":"105-116","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"606","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42943,"SerRR":"Hydrobiologia. Springer: The Hague.  ISSN 0018-8158; e-ISSN 1573-5117","StandardTitleSer":"Hydrobiologia","ISSN":"0018-8158","AbbrevSer":"Hydrobiologia","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":105,"Pages":12,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":[{"XBRefID":126110,"RefStrFull":"<b>Galil, B.S.</b> (2008). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea - which, when, where, why?, <b><i>in</i></b>: Davenport, J. <i>et al.</i> <i>Challenges to Marine Ecosystems: Proceedings of the 41st European Marine Biology Symposium, held in Cork, Ireland, 4-8 September 2005. Developments in Hydrobiology,</i> 202: pp. 105-116. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8808-7_10\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8808-7_10</a>","RelID":4,"RelationY":"Related to","StandardTitle":"Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea - which, when, where, why?"}],"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Galil","Firstname":"Bella","Initials":"B.S.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":120231,"AutID":1210,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":3072,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":null,"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Springer","City":"The Hague"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Africa","ThestID":181734,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"Africa"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Alien species","ThestID":276,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Alien species"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biodiversity","ThestID":9471,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Biodiversity"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Global warming","ThestID":126713,"Acronym":"CAB","ThesTermPath":"Change > Climatic change > Global warming"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Data reduction","ThestID":2098,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Data processing > Data reduction"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Databases","ThestID":2102,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Databases"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Geographical distribution","ThestID":3610,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Distribution > Geographical distribution"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Egypt, Arab Rep., Suez Canal","ThestID":183660,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"Egypt, Arab Rep., Suez Canal"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Global warming","ThestID":89969,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTermPath":"Global warming"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Global warming","ThestID":95979,"Acronym":"TRT","ThesTermPath":"Global warming"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Mariculture","ThestID":4980,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Mariculture"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Marine biology","ThestID":4990,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Marine biology"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"MED, Eastern Mediterranean","ThestID":185854,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"MED, Eastern Mediterranean"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Population dynamics","ThestID":9702,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Population dynamics"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Introduced species","ThestID":4428,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Taxa > Species > Introduced species"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Africa"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Biodiversity"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Data reduction"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Egypt, Arab Rep., Suez Canal"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Geographical distribution"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Global warming"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Global warming"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Global warming"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Introduced species"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"MED, Eastern Mediterranean"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Population dynamics"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Metazoa"}],"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"Adriatic Sea"},{"GeoTerm":"Africa"},{"GeoTerm":"Mediterranean Sea - 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