{"refrec":{"BRefID":126326,"RR":"<b>Yik Sung, Y.; Van Damme, E.J.M.; Sorgeloos, P.; Bossier, P.</b> (2007). Non-lethal heat shock protects gnotobiotic <i>Artemia franciscana</i> larvae against virulent <i>Vibrios</i>. <i>Fish Shellfish Immunol. 22(4)</i>: 318-326. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2006.05.008\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2006.05.008</a>","BEntID":120418,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Fish Shellfish Immunol. 22(4)</i>: 318-326. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2006.05.008\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2006.05.008</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Yik Sung, Y.; Van Damme, E.J.M.; Sorgeloos, P.; Bossier, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Yik Sung, Y. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Brine shrimp <i>Artemia</i> were exposed under gnotobiotic conditions to a non-lethal heat shock (NLHS) from 28 to 32, 37 and 40°C. Different recovery periods (2, 6, 12 and 24 h) and different heat-exposure times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) were tested. After these NLHS, <i>Artemia</i> was subsequently challenged with <i>Vibrio</i>. Challenge tests were performed in stressed and unstressed nauplii at concentrations of 107 cells ml<sup>-1</sup> of pathogenic bacteria, <i>Vibrio campbellii</i> and <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i>. A NLHS with an optimal treatment of 37°C for 30 min and a subsequent 6 h recovery period resulted in a cross-protection against pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i>. A 100% increase in the larval survival (<i>P</i> < 0.05) was observed. We have also demonstrated by Western blot that a NLHS increases the expression of HSP-70 in heat-shocked (HS) treated animals. This report is the first to reveal a cross protection of a NLHS against deleterious bacterial challenges in living crustaceans. The putative role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in this process is discussed. 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