{"refrec":{"BRefID":127764,"RR":"<b>Wolfaardt, A.C.; Underhill, L.G.; Altwegg, R.; Visagie, J.</b> (2008). Restoration of oiled African penguins <i>Spheniscus demersus</i> a decade after the Apollo Sea spill. <i>Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 30(2)</i>: 421-436","BEntID":121845,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 30(2)</i>: 421-436","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Wolfaardt, A.C.; Underhill, L.G.; Altwegg, R.; Visagie, J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Wolfaardt, A.C. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"The bulk ore carrier Apollo Sea sank south-west of Dassen Island off western South Africa in June 1994, oiling approximately 10 000 African penguins <i>Spheniscus demersus</i>, most of which were collected from Dassen Island. A total of 4 076 de-oiled penguins was released with flipper bands. From 1994 to 2005, follow-up research using re-sighting and capturemark-recapture methods indicated that about 73% of the de-oiled penguins observed back at Dassen Island attempted to breed, and were thus successfully restored into the breeding population. For de-oiled breeders, the median interval between their first recorded sighting and first recorded breeding attempt was 11 months, indicating a short-term delay in restoration. At least 45% of the de-oiled breeders were still being re-sighted five years after their release, and a minimum of 4% survived into their ninth year. These results represent the most successful restoration estimates anywhere in the world. The proportion of de-oiled juvenile penguins re-sighted back at Dassen Island and recorded breeding was lower than that of birds in adult plumage. De-oiled non-breeders spent significantly more time along the shore and less time within breeding colonies than de-oiled breeders. The mean proportion of de-oiled breeders that abstained from breeding each year during the study period was greater than expected. There was a negative relationship between breeding and subsequent survival and breeding, suggesting a cost of reproduction for de-oiled birds.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Restoration of oiled African penguins <i>Spheniscus demersus</i> a decade after the Apollo Sea spill","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:33:14.980000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2008,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2008-11-26","DateCreate":"2008-11-26","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000261235300014","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":127764,"PubliDate":2008,"Pagination":"421-436","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"30","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":78939,"SerRR":"African Journal of Marine Science. NISC/Taylor & Francis: Grahamstown.  ISSN 0257-7615; e-ISSN 1814-2338","StandardTitleSer":"African Journal of Marine Science","ISSN":"0257-7615","AbbrevSer":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":421,"Pages":16,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"Wolfaardt","Firstname":null,"Initials":"A.C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":121845,"AutID":14926,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Underhill","Firstname":"Les","Initials":"L.G.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":121845,"AutID":14921,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Altwegg","Firstname":null,"Initials":"R.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":121845,"AutID":83932,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Visagie","Firstname":null,"Initials":"J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":121845,"AutID":83788,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":null,"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"Taylor & Francis","City":"Grahamstown"},{"PublName":"NISC","City":"Grahamstown"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Breeding","ThestID":1182,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Breeding"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Oil","ThestID":5736,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Oil"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Restoration","ThestID":9595,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Restoration"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"South Africa","ThestID":187061,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTermPath":"South Africa"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Breeding"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Oil"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Restoration"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"South Africa"}],"taxtermsASFA":null,"geotermsASFA":[{"GeoTerm":"South Africa"}],"collections":null,"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":null,"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":121845,"AbstractFlag":-1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":121845,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":null,"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Breeding","ThestID":1182,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Oil","ThestID":5736,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Restoration","ThestID":9595,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"South Africa","ThestID":187061,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"}],"taxterms":null,"geoterms":[{"GeoTerm":"South Africa","GeoObjectID":2176,"GeotID":5356}],"othterms":null,"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Breeding","DutchTerm":"Voortplanting","ThestID":1182,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Oil","DutchTerm":"Olie spill","ThestID":5736,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Restoration","DutchTerm":"Restauratie","ThestID":9595,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"South Africa","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":187061,"Acronym":"ASFA_GEOT","ThesTypID":34,"ThesType":"ASFA Geoterms"}],"taxtermsFRIS":null,"geotermsFRIS":[{"GeoTerm":"South Africa","DutchTerm":null}],"othtermsFRIS":null,"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"VLIZ2000\\konet","newSesDate":{"date":"2008-11-26 09:37:27.427000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"},"updSesName":"VLIZ2000\\konet","updSesDate":{"date":"2008-11-26 09:37:27.427000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe/Brussels"}}}