{"refrec":{"BRefID":128605,"RR":"<b>Lock, K.; Criel, P.; De Schamphelaere, K.A.C.; Van Eeckhout, H.; Janssen, C.R.<\/b> (2007). Influence of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and pH on copper toxicity to barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare<\/i>). <i>Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 68(2)<\/i>: 299-304. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2006.11.014\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2006.11.014<\/a>","BEntID":122694,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 68(2)<\/i>: 299-304. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2006.11.014\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2006.11.014<\/a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Lock, K.; Criel, P.; De Schamphelaere, K.A.C.; Van Eeckhout, H.; Janssen, C.R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Lock, K. <i>et al.<\/i>","Englishabstract":"The extent to which Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>, Mg<sup>2+<\/sup>, Na<sup>+<\/sup>, K<sup>+<\/sup> ions and pH independently influence copper toxicity to barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare<\/i>) was assessed by measuring root growth in nutrient solutions. Increased Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> activity resulted in a sixfold decrease in EC50<sub>Cu<sup>2+<\/sup><\/sub> values, while a positive relationship between the cation activity and the EC50 was expected. Increased Mg<sup>2+<\/sup> activity resulted in a twofold increase in EC50<sub>Cu<sup>2+<\/sup><\/sub> values. Na<sup>+<\/sup>, K<sup>+<\/sup> and H<sup>+<\/sup> activities did not significantly affect Cu<sup>2+<\/sup> toxicity. The obtained results indicated that competition for binding sites between Cu<sup>2+<\/sup> and cations such as Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>, Mg<sup>2+<\/sup>, Na<sup>+<\/sup>, K<sup>+<\/sup> and H<sup>+<\/sup> is not an important factor in determining Cu<sup>2+<\/sup> toxicity to H. vulgare. However, the EC50s could, with one exception, be predicted within a factor three based on the free Cu<sup>2+<\/sup> activity, indicating that the free Cu<sup>2+<\/sup> activity cannot only be used to predict metal toxicity to aquatic, but also to terrestrial organisms.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Influence of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and pH on copper toxicity to barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare<\/i>)","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-16 01:31:37.165595","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2007,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-29","DateCreate":"2009-01-20","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000250321100011","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2006.11.014"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":128605,"PubliDate":2007,"Pagination":"299-304","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"68","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42636,"SerRR":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 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