{"refrec":{"BRefID":128676,"RR":"<b>De Schamphelaere, K.A.C.; Stauber, J.L.; Wilde, KL.; Markich, S.J.; Brown, P.L.; Franklin, N.M.; Creighton, NM.; Janssen, C.R.<\/b> (2005). Toward a biotic ligand model for freshwater green algae: surface-bound and internal copper are better predictors of toxicity than free Cu<sup>2+<\/sup>-ion activity when pH is varied. <i>Environ. Sci. Technol. 39(7)<\/i>: 2067-2072. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/es049256l\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/es049256l<\/a>","BEntID":122764,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Environ. Sci. Technol. 39(7)<\/i>: 2067-2072. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/es049256l\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/es049256l<\/a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"De Schamphelaere, K.A.C.; Stauber, J.L.; Wilde, KL.; Markich, S.J.; Brown, P.L.; Franklin, N.M.; Creighton, NM.; Janssen, C.R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"De Schamphelaere, K.A.C. <i>et al.<\/i>","Englishabstract":"The freshwater green microalgae <i>Chlorella sp.<\/i> and <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata<\/i> (<i>P. subcapitata<\/i>) were chronically (48 and 72 h, respectively) exposed to copper at various pH levels, i.e., pH 6-7.5 and pH 5.9-8.5, respectively. Concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition of exponential growth rate (EC50) were determined as dissolved Cu, estimated chemical activity of the free Cu<sup>2+<\/sup> ion (as pCu = - log{Cu<sup>2+<\/sup> activity as molarity}), and as external (surface-bound) Cu and internal Cu in the algal cells. With increasing pH, EC50dissolved decreased from 30 to 1.1 microg of Cu L(-1) for <i>Chlorella sp.<\/i> and from 46 to 18 microg of Cu L(-1) for <i>P. subcapitata<\/i>. The pH effect on copper toxicity was even more obvious when expressed as Cu<sup>2+<\/sup> activity. The EC50<sub>pCu<\/sub> increased on average 1.4 pCu unit per pH unit for <i>Chlorella sp.<\/i> and 1.1 pCu unit per pH unit for <i>P. subcapitata<\/i>, thus indicating a marked increase of Cu<sup>2+<\/sup> toxicity at higher pH (more than 1 order of magnitude per pH unit). In contrast, it was found that EC50 values expressed as surface bound or external copper (EC50external) and as internal copper (EC50internal) did not vary substantially when pH was increased. External Cu was operationally defined as the Cu fraction removable from the algal cell by short-term contact with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; internal copper was defined as the nonremovable fraction. For Chlorella sp. the EC50<sub>external<\/sub> varied between 5 and 10 fg of Cu\/ cell (factor of 2 difference) and the EC50internal between 25 and 40 fg of Cu\/cell (factor of 1.6 difference). For<i> P. subcapitata<\/i> the EC50external varied between 10 and 28 fg of Cu\/cell (factor of 2.8 difference) and the EC50<sub>internal<\/i> between 42 and 71 fg of Cu\/cell (factor of 1.7 difference). Because the observed variation in EC50<sub>external<\/sub> and EC50<sub>internal<\/sub> is much less than the variation in EC50<sub>Cu<sup>2+<\/sup><\/sub>, it is concluded that both external and internal copper are better predictors of copper toxicity than Cu<sup>2+<\/sup> when pH is varied. From the perspective of toxicity modeling, this observation is the first step toward considering the use of the cell surface as the algal biotic ligand for Cu in a similar way as fish gills fulfill this role in the biotic ligand model for predicting metal toxicity to fish species.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Toward a biotic ligand model for freshwater green algae: surface-bound and internal copper are better predictors of toxicity than free Cu<sup>2+<\/sup>-ion activity when pH is varied","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-18 01:31:27.298040","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2005,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-29","DateCreate":"2009-01-21","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000228172600033","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1021\/es049256l"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":128676,"PubliDate":2005,"Pagination":"2067-2072","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"39","Issue":"7","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42837,"SerRR":"Environmental Science and Technology. American Chemical Society: Easton.  ISSN 0013-936X; e-ISSN 1520-5851","StandardTitleSer":"Environmental Science and Technology","ISSN":"0013-936X","AbbrevSer":"Environ. Sci. Technol.","StandardTitleMon":null,"StartPage":2067,"Pages":6,"ToPubliDate":null,"BRefBibLvlCode":"S","SerNotes":null},"monrec":null,"serrec":null,"relations":null,"relationsRev":null,"addrec":null,"othpubs":null,"ownerships":null,"authors":[{"AutName":"De Schamphelaere","Firstname":"Karel","Initials":"K.A.C.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":122764,"AutID":11752,"OrderNr":1,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0002-5063-922X","PersID":2823,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Stauber","Firstname":"Jennifer","Initials":"J.L.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":122764,"AutID":29925,"OrderNr":2,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Wilde","Firstname":"Karyn L.","Initials":"KL.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":1,"BEntID":122764,"AutID":84435,"OrderNr":3,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Markich","Firstname":"Scott","Initials":"S.J.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":122764,"AutID":29924,"OrderNr":4,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Brown","Firstname":null,"Initials":"P.L.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":122764,"AutID":37158,"OrderNr":5,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Franklin","Firstname":null,"Initials":"N.M.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":122764,"AutID":75757,"OrderNr":6,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Creighton","Firstname":"Nicola M.","Initials":"NM.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":1,"BEntID":122764,"AutID":84436,"OrderNr":7,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":null,"PersID":null,"InsID":null},{"AutName":"Janssen","Firstname":"Colin","Initials":"C.R.","Affiliation":null,"Discriminator":null,"CorporateFlag":0,"BEntID":122764,"AutID":11628,"OrderNr":8,"DegrID":null,"EditorFlag":0,"CorrespFlag":0,"IllustratorFlag":0,"ReviserFlag":0,"TranslatorFlag":0,"InsAcronym":null,"InsFSN":null,"ORCID":"0000-0002-7781-6679","PersID":50,"InsID":null}],"mapdetails":null,"datasets":null,"monographs":null,"monparts":null,"serparts":null,"BEntOpen":null,"BEntPrivate":null,"availability":[{"BInstID":354141,"LibID":36,"BRefID":128676,"EmbargoDate":null,"FullEmbargoDate":null,"PhysMedID":16,"hasOCRd":null,"ShelfLocCode":"354141","RFID":null,"PaidValue":null,"Medium":"Server","Description":"Interne VLIZ documenten","Acronym":"VLIZ","Library":"Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee","DutchTerm":"Non-open access","URL":null,"ClassifID":228,"Classification":"Non-open access","ReqLink":1,"ClassifTypID":3,"URLLocation":"https:\/\/www.vliz.be\/imisdocs\/publications\/","SubDir":1,"InternalReq":1,"LoggedInReq":1,"Disclaimer":"Disclaimer_VLIZ_Intern","DutchDisclaimer":"<p>Deze publicatie is enkel beschikbaar voor persoonlijk gebruik binnen de Innovocean site <br \/>en mag op geen enkele manier verder worden verspreid.<\/p>","FileFormat":".pdf","FileDescr":"pdf","InsPub":1,"InsID":36,"FileFormID":6,"LendableFlag":1,"PublicFlag":1,"orderLib":"A","Notes":null,"AccConID":null,"AccessConstraint":null,"LicURL":null}],"litstyles":null,"thespers":null,"arch2discl":null,"SERpubls":[{"PublName":"American Chemical Society","City":"Easton"}],"MONpubls":null,"pictures":[],"thestermsPath":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Copper","ThestID":1878,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Chemical elements > Metals > Transition elements > Heavy metals > Copper"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Freshwater environment","ThestID":3476,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Freshwater environment"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Growth rate","ThestID":3832,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Growth rate"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Heavy metals","ThestID":73791,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTermPath":"Heavy metals"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ligands","ThestID":4711,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Ligands"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Models","ThestID":5270,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTermPath":"Models"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"pH","ThestID":82812,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTermPath":"pH"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Toxicity","ThestID":85524,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTermPath":"Toxicity"}],"thestermsASFA":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Copper"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Growth rate"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Heavy metals"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ligands"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Models"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"pH"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Toxicity"}],"taxtermsASFA":[{"TaxTerm":"Algae"},{"TaxTerm":"Chlorella"},{"TaxTerm":"Chlorophyceae"},{"TaxTerm":"Chlorophyta"}],"geotermsASFA":null,"collections":[{"Collection":"Section Ecotox","ShortName":"Ecotox"}],"conf":null,"proj":null,"Physdatasets":null,"spcols":{"476":{"SpName":"Section Ecotox","SpColID":476,"ParSpColID":null,"TopParID":null,"ShortName":"Ecotox","URLLocation":null,"LibID":null,"OpenRepoFlag":null,"SpTypID":null,"TopParIDNotWebsite":null,"SpColPath":"Ecotox"}},"doi":null,"publs":null,"serparttypes":null,"monauthors":null,"MParts":null,"SParts":null,"hLibs":null,"langs":[{"BEntID":122764,"AbstractFlag":0,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"},{"BEntID":122764,"AbstractFlag":1,"LangID":15,"LangCode":"en","Lang":"English","DutchTerm":"Engels","LangCodeExtended":"eng"}],"urls":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/es049256l","externalID":"10.1021\/es049256l","URLTypeCode":"DOI","URLID":87375,"URLTypID":13,"URLType":"DOI","URLPrefix":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/"}],"thesterms":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Copper","ThestID":1878,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Freshwater environment","ThestID":3476,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Growth rate","ThestID":3832,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Heavy metals","ThestID":73791,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ligands","ThestID":4711,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Models","ThestID":5270,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"pH","ThestID":82812,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Toxicity","ThestID":85524,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"}],"taxterms":[{"TaxTerm":"Algae","AphiaID":null,"TaxtID":23941},{"TaxTerm":"Chlorella","AphiaID":160576,"TaxtID":23073},{"TaxTerm":"Chlorophyceae","AphiaID":802,"TaxtID":15070},{"TaxTerm":"Chlorophyta [green algae]","AphiaID":801,"TaxtID":15129}],"geoterms":null,"othterms":[{"OtherTerm":"Interspecific comparison","OthtID":16321}],"asfacodes":null,"asfa2codes":null,"thestermsFRIS":[{"ThesaurusTerm":"Copper","DutchTerm":"Koper","ThestID":1878,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Freshwater environment","DutchTerm":"Zoetwater milieu","ThestID":3476,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Growth rate","DutchTerm":"Groeisnelheid","ThestID":3832,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Heavy metals","DutchTerm":"Zware Metalen","ThestID":73791,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Ligands","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":4711,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Models","DutchTerm":"Modellen","ThestID":5270,"Acronym":"ASFA","ThesTypID":1,"ThesType":"ASFA Thesaurus List"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"pH","DutchTerm":"pH","ThestID":82812,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"},{"ThesaurusTerm":"Toxicity","DutchTerm":null,"ThestID":85524,"Acronym":"CSA","ThesTypID":2,"ThesType":"CSA Technology Research Database Master Thesaurus"}],"taxtermsFRIS":[{"TaxTerm":"Algae","DutchTerm":"Algen","AphiaID":null,"TaxtID":23941},{"TaxTerm":"Chlorella","DutchTerm":null,"AphiaID":160576,"TaxtID":23073},{"TaxTerm":"Chlorophyceae","DutchTerm":"Groenwieren","AphiaID":802,"TaxtID":15070},{"TaxTerm":"Chlorophyta","DutchTerm":"Groenwieren","AphiaID":801,"TaxtID":15129}],"geotermsFRIS":null,"othtermsFRIS":[{"OtherTerm":"Interspecific comparison","DutchTerm":null,"OthtID":16321}],"resmessage":"","complete":1,"sessions":{"newSesName":"Dewitte, Elien, E.","newSesDate":{"date":"2009-01-21 08:52:16.537000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe\/Brussels"},"updSesName":"Bouchti, Zohra, Z.","updSesDate":{"date":"2020-10-29 07:19:40.420000","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe\/Brussels"}}}