{"refrec":{"BRefID":128678,"RR":"<b>De Schamphelaere, K.A.C.; Lofts, S.; Janssen, C.R.</b> (2005). Bioavailability models for predicting acute and chronic toxicity of zinc to algae, daphnids, and fish in natural surface waters. <i>Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 24(5)</i>: 1190-1197. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/04-229R.1\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/04-229R.1</a>","BEntID":122766,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 24(5)</i>: 1190-1197. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/04-229R.1\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/04-229R.1</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":0,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"De Schamphelaere, K.A.C.; Lofts, S.; Janssen, C.R.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"De Schamphelaere, K.A.C.; Lofts, S.; Janssen, C.R.","Englishabstract":"Bioavailability models predicting acute and/or chronic zinc toxicity to a green alga (<i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i>), a crustacean (<i>Daphnia magna</i>), and a fish (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) were evaluated in a series of experiments with spiked natural surface waters. The eight selected freshwater samples had varying levels of bioavailability modifying parameters: pH (5.7-8.4), dissolved organic carbon (DOC, 2.48-22.9 mg/L), Ca (1.5-80 mg/L), Mg (0.79-18 mg/L), and Na (3.8-120 mg/L). In those waters, chronic zinc toxicity (expressed as 10% effective concentrations [EC10]) varied up to 20-fold for the alga (72-h EC10 from 27.3 to 563 μg Zn/L), and approximately sixfold for the crustacean (21-d EC10 from 59.2 to 387 μg Zn/L), and fivefold for the fish (30-d LC10, lethal concentration for 10% of the organisms, from 185 to 902 μg Zn/L). For <i>P. subcapitata</i> a refined bioavailability model was developed by linking an empirical equation, which predicts toxicity expressed as free Zn<sup>2+</sup> activity as a function of pH, to the geochemical speciation model WHAM/Model V. This model and previously developed acute and/or chronic biotic ligand models for <i>D. magna</i> and <i>O. mykiss</i> generally predicted most effect concentrations by an error of less than a factor of two. In waters with pH > 8, however, chronic toxicity to <i>D. magna</i> was underestimated by a factor 3 to 4. Based on the results of this validation exercise and earlier research, we determined applicability ranges for pH (6-8) and Ca (5-160 mg/L) in which all three developed models are valid. Within these ranges, all three models may be considered useful tools for taking into account bioavailability in regulatory assessments of zinc.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Bioavailability models for predicting acute and chronic toxicity of zinc to algae, daphnids, and fish in natural surface waters","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-19 01:31:25.982050","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2005,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-29","DateCreate":"2009-01-21","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000228627100024","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1897/04-229R.1"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":128678,"PubliDate":2005,"Pagination":"1190-1197","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"24","Issue":"5","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42839,"SerRR":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 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