{"refrec":{"BRefID":129047,"RR":"<b>Pearse, J.S.</b> (1969). Slow developing demersal embryos and larvae of the antarctic sea star <i>Odontaster validus</i>. <i>Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 3(2)</i>: 110-116","BEntID":123130,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 3(2)</i>: 110-116","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Pearse, J.S.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Pearse, J.S.","Englishabstract":"The early development of <i>Odontaster validus</i> at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, is indirect and includes equal cleavage, a convoluted blastula, a free-swimming coeloblastula, a gastrula, and a feeding bipinnaria larva. Development differs from that of other asteroids in two respects: (1) The developmental rate is extremely slow; blastulae form nearly 2 days after fertilization, gastrulation begins after 7 days, and the bipinnaria develops in about 40 to 55 days. The slow developmental rate appears to be only partly related to the low environmental temperature (-1.5°C). (2) The embryos and larvae are largely demersal. Such behavior may be an adaptation to keep the larvae out of antarctic surface waters, as does brooding in many other polar echinoderms.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Slow developing demersal embryos and larvae of the antarctic sea star <i>Odontaster validus</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-12 01:32:06.597020","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1969,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2014-08-18","DateCreate":"2009-01-28","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":129047,"PubliDate":1969,"Pagination":"110-116","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"3","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43352,"SerRR":"Marine Biology: International Journal on Life in Oceans and Coastal Waters. 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