{"refrec":{"BRefID":12995,"RR":"<b>Resink, J.W.</b> (1983). De ontwikkeling van een kunstvoer, geschikt voor de afkweek van tong, <i>Solea solea</i>. <i>Interne verslagen Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee</i>, 1983(7). NIOZ: Texel. 131 pp.","BEntID":12995,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":0,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Interne verslagen Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee</i>, 1983(7). NIOZ: Texel.  131 pp.","DocTypID":13,"DocType":"Reports","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Resink, J.W.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":1,"Authorstringtrunc":"Resink, J.W.","Englishabstract":"In the period September 1980 to January 1981 three experiments were carried out: (1) The effect of different kinds of dry sole food on growth of soles was tested at 20°C and compared with growth with fresh mussel- meat. Growth with standard dry food (code S81-6), was 1 cm/ month or in weight (W) 1% W/day. Addition of 1% fish oil (code S81-10) or 20% yeast resulted in increased growth rates (1.1-1.2 cm/month, 1.2-1.4% W/day). The best growth was observed with fresh musselmeat (1.5 cm/month, 1.5% W/day). Addition of methionine, fishmeal, or phosphate did not improve growth in weight. (2) Groups of soles were kept at 20°C at different daily rations of dry food (S81-10) , increasing from 0(starvation) to 4-5% W/day (= 6.5-7.5% W<sup>0.8</sup>) .The linear relation was calculated between specific growth in weight is (a, % w<sup>0.8</sup>/day) and ration (R, 9 dry % ~10.8/day) .alpha (g fresh) = 0.717R -0.795 or alpha (g dry) = 0.167R -0.146. The daily maintenance ration of the dry food was estimated as approx. 9 dry 1% W<sup>0.8</sup>, the optimum daily ration (maximum bruto conversion) at 3.2% W<sup>0.8</sup>. Maximum growth was found at a daily ration of 5.8% W<sup>0.8</sup> (= kcal 10% w<sup>0.8</sup>/day. About 24% of the energy value of the food was converted into fish growth. Condition of the fish, % dry weight, and% fat increased with ration size, while % ashweight decreased. A maximum calorific value of the fish (5.5 kcal/g dry) was found at a daily ration of about 4% w<sup>0.8</sup>. At this level the protein conversion efficiency and fat retention also reached maximum values. (3) Measurements of daily consumption of dry food and oxygen consumption, with groups of soles in closed 100 liter tanks, resulted in the following models: Food intake, 9 dry food/day = 0.042 w<sup>0.76</sup> g fresh, oxygen consumption of feeding fish mg O/hour = 0.382 w<sup>0.82</sup>, starving fish 0.16w <sup>0.82</sup>. Ammonia excretion mg NH<sub>4</sub>-N/hour 0.005w<sup>0.73</sup>.The oxygen consumption of the soles was higher during the night as compared to the day. It in creased for about 20% over two days after one meal. The extra respiratory energy for digestion of the food (Specific Dynamic Action) was calculated as a % of the energy value of the meal (SDA coefficient). Comparison of metabolism of soles fed with dry sole food (S81-10) or mussel gives the following results in % of dry weight of food: Faeces excretion dry food 12-15% Musselmeat 1.4-1.8% Ammonia excretion: dry food 1-2% Musselmeat 0.5-2.2% SDA coefficient dry food 6-10% Musselmeat 11-22 % At 20°C the routine metabolism of growing soles is about 275 mg O<sub>2</sub>/hour /kg0.8, ammonia excretion 4-5 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/hour/kg0.8. At 20°C the density of soles in a rearing tank and the daily ration can be adjusted according to the oxygen content (0, mg.1<sup>-1</sup>) of the inflowing water (Oi), the oxygen content of the outflowing water (Ou),and waterflow rate D (l.s<sup>-1</sup> ) by (Oi -Ou) x D/3.3 = kg dry food/day.","AbstractOtherLang":"In de periode september 1980 tot januari 1981 werden drie experimenten uitgevoerd. (1°) Het effect van toevoegingen aan het standaard droogvoer op de groei van jonge tong werd gemeten bij 20°C. De groei met standaard droogvoer op basis van garnalenmeel (kode S81-6) was ongeveer 1,0 cm/ maand of in gewicht (W) 1% W/dag. Toevoeging van 1% visolie (kode S81- 10) of 20% gist gaf een betere groei (1,1-1,2 cm/maand; 1,2-1,4% W/dag) terwijl de beste groei werd gevonden met vers mosselvlees (1,5 cm/maand, 1,5% W/dag) .Toevoeging van methionine of vismeel gaf mindere groei (0,6-0,8 cm/m, 0,6-0,8% W/dag) .Toevoeging van fosfaat gaf een hogere beenweefsel groei (vingroei) , maar geen betere gewichtsgroei. Het diëet met 1% visolie (kode S81-10)gaf wel vettere tongen, maar geen hogere eiwitaanzet dus geen \"eiwitsparende\" werking van de olie. (2°) Groepen tongen werden bij 20°C gevoerd met verschillende dagrantsoenen droogvoer (kode S81-10) oplopend van O(hongeren) tot maximaal gds 4-5% W/dag (~ 6,5-7,5% W<sup>0,8</sup>). Hieruit volgde een lineaire relatie tussen de specifieke gewichtsgroei (a, % Wo,8/dag) en dagrantsoen(R, gds % W<sup>0,8</sup>/dag) nJ-: a {g vers) = 0,717 R-0,795 of a (gds) = 0,167 R-0,146. Het onderhoudsniveau voor droogvoer (kode S81-10) is ongeveer gds 1 % W<sup>0,8</sup>/dag, het optimum rantsoen (maximale bruto conversie) bij gds 3,2 % W<sup>0,8</sup>/dag en maximale groei bij gds 5,8% W<sup>0,8</sup>/dag (= kcal 10% W<sup>0,8</sup>/dag) . Ongeveer 24% van de bruto energie waarde van het droogvoer werd omgezet in visgroei. Het droge stofgehalte van de tongen nam toe met de grootte (% d.s. = 19,22 W<sup>0,059</sup> g vers) en met toenemend rantsoen (22 naar 24% W). Met toenemend rantsoen namen konditie en vetgehalte van de tongen toe (6 - 13% d.s.) en asgehalte af (18 - 12% d.s.) zodat de calorische waarde van de tongen een maximum bereikte (5,5 kcal/gds) bij een dagrantsoen droogvoer van gds 3,5- 4% W<sup>0,8</sup>/dag. Bij dit niveau waren ook de Protein Efficiency Ratio, de Protein Conversion Efficiency en de vetretentie maximaal (PER 0,3 ; PCE 0,22- 0,27 ; vetr. 0,1 - 0,3) . (3°) Metingen van dagelijkse voedselopname droogvoer en de dagelijkse zuurstofconsumptie m.b.v. Winkler titratie van groepen tongen in afgesloten 100 liter bakken gaf de volgende resultaten: Opname droogvoer gds/dag = 0,042 w<sup>0,76</sup> g vers Zuurstofopname groeiende vis, mg O/uur = 0,382 W<sup>0,822</sup> Zuurstofopname hongerende V1S, mg O/uur = 0,16 W<sup>0,822</sup> , Ammoniumuitscheiding NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N mg/uur = 0,0055 w<sup>0,73</sup> . De zuurstofconsumptie van de tongen was 's nacht hoger dan overdag, en werd na één maaltijd ongeveer 20% verhoogd gedurende twee dagen: Specific Dynamic Action (SDA) van het voedsel. De extra ademhalingsenergie voor Voedselvertering werd berekend als % van de energie van de maaltijd (SDA coefficient). Een vergelijking van droogvoer en mosselvlees gaf de volgende parameters in % van d.s.: Faecesuitscheiding: droogvoer 12-15% d.s. Mossel 1,4-1,8% d.s. Ammoniauitscheiding: droogvoer 1-2% Mossel 0,5-2,2% SDA coefficient: droogvoer 6-10% Mossel 11-22 % Bij 20°C is de zuurstofconsumptie van jonge groeiende tong ongeveer 275 mg0<sub>2</sub>/uur kg<sup>0,8</sup>, de ammoniumuitscheiding 4-5 mg NH<sub>4</sub>-N/uur. De bezettingsdichtheid van tong en de voedergift kunnen berekend worden uit het zuurstofgehalte (0) van instromende (Oi) en uitstromend (Ou) water en de doorstroomsnelheid D in (l.s-l) uit: (Oi -OU) x D/3,3 = kg d.s. voer/dag.","BibLvlCode":"MS","StandardTitle":"De ontwikkeling van een kunstvoer, geschikt voor de afkweek van tong, <i>Solea solea</i>","OrigTitleLangCode":"nl","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"dut","OrigTitleLangID":41,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-22 01:33:06.175990","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":null,"MonPub":1983,"DateUpdate":"2025-07-15","DateCreate":"2001-07-06","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":0,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":1},"refs":null,"anarec":null,"monrec":{"MonID":12995,"ISBN":null,"PubliDate":1983,"IssueDate":null,"Volume":"1983","Issue":"7","Pagination":"131","Place":"Texel","Edition":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerID":5036,"SerRR":"Interne verslagen Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee. 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