{"refrec":{"BRefID":130456,"RR":"<b>Schluter, D.</b> (2009). Evidence for ecological speciation and its alternative. <i>Science (Wash.) 323(5915)</i>: 737-741. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1160006\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1160006</a>","BEntID":124529,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Science (Wash.) 323(5915)</i>: 737-741. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1160006\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1160006</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Schluter, D.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Schluter, D.","Englishabstract":"Natural selection commonly drives the origin of species, as Darwin initially claimed. Mechanisms of speciation by selection fall into two broad categories: ecological and mutation- order. Under ecological speciation, divergence is driven by divergent natural selection between environments, whereas under mutation- order speciation, divergence occurs when different mutations arise and are fixed in separate populations adapting to similar selection pressures. Tests of parallel evolution of reproductive isolation, trait- based assortative mating, and reproductive isolation by active selection have demonstrated that ecological speciation is a common means by which new species arise. Evidence for mutation- order speciation by natural selection is more limited and has been best documented by instances of reproductive isolation resulting from intragenomic conflict. 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