{"refrec":{"BRefID":132892,"RR":"<b>Stepien, C.A.</b> (2009). Evolution and phylogeography of the tubenose goby genus <i>Proterorhinus</i> (Gobiidae: Teleostei): evidence for new cryptic species. <i>Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 96(3)</i>: 664-684. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01135.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01135.x</a>","BEntID":126870,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":0,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 96(3)</i>: 664-684. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01135.x\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01135.x</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Stepien, C.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Stepien, C.A.","Englishabstract":"Cryptic taxa present unique difficulties in the description of biological diversity, which DNA sequencing approaches often readily resolve. The tubenose goby <i>Proterorhinus</i>, along with other Ponto-Caspian fauna, has undergone recent Eurasian range expansion, as well as colonized the North American Great Lakes in 1990. We analysed mitochondrial (cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (recombination activating gene 1; RAG1) DNA sequences and morphological characters from exotic Great Lakes as well as introduced and native Eurasian populations of <i>Proterorhinus marmoratus</i> (Pallas) sensu lato to assess their species identity and biogeographic patterns. The results obtained show marked genetic and morphological divergence that indicates species-level separation between fresh water and marine/brackish lineages, dating back approximately 3.82-4.30 million years. In addition, freshwater lineages within the Black and Caspian Sea basins show significant genetic and morphological differentiation, corresponding to an estimated 0.92-1.03 million years. We describe new evidence to support at least three separate species: the original <i>P. marmoratus</i> in marine and estuarine habitats within the Black Sea, a freshwater species in the Black Sea basin that was introduced to the North American Great Lakes, and another freshwater species inhabiting the Caspian Sea/Volga River basin. The freshwater tubenose goby in the Black Sea basin originally was described as <i>Proterorhinus semilunaris</i> (Heckel), and this is confirmed to be a valid taxon. The Caspian basin taxon may correspond with <i>Proterorhinus semipellucidus</i> (Kessler), a putative freshwater species in the Caspian basin that was originally described from a single specimen.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Evolution and phylogeography of the tubenose goby genus <i>Proterorhinus</i> (Gobiidae: Teleostei): evidence for new cryptic species","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-04-18 01:31:28.016856","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Black Sea; Caspian Sea; cytochrome b; COI; exotic species;phylogeography; Ponto-Caspian; RAG1; systematics","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2009,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2020-10-29","DateCreate":"2009-03-31","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000263678300014","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01135.x"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":132892,"PubliDate":2009,"Pagination":"664-684","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"96","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":42441,"SerRR":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 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