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These deviations from an expected decrease with water depth are related to downwelling processes, accelerating the transport of energy-rich food particles into deeper water layers. The sedimentary environment of the organisms is largely determined by its organic matter content. Off Chile, Peru, and Southwest Africa, negative redox potential at the sediment surface are present in some regions and sulfide biomes are developed with intense microbial populations, but a reduction in macrofaunal elements. 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