{"refrec":{"BRefID":135328,"RR":"<b>Ryland, J.S.; Lord, R.; Mackie, J.A.</b> (2009). Recent discoveries of alien <i>Watersipora</i> (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species. <i>Zootaxa 2093(2093)</i>: 43-59","BEntID":129225,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Zootaxa 2093(2093)</i>: 43-59","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Ryland, J.S.; Lord, R.; Mackie, J.A.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Ryland, J.S. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"We report the introduction of the encrusting bryozoan<i>Watersipora subtorquata</i> to Atlantic coasts of Europe. This species is highly invasive, having become common on coastlines throughout cool-temperate areas of the world since the 1980s. Confusion exists over the identity of this and other <i>Watersipora</i> species, which lack characters that are conventionally used in bryozoan systematics. <i>W. subtorquata</i> has not been well distinguished from <i>W. cucullata</i> which, reports dating back to the mid 1800s suggest, is native to the Mediterranean Basin or represents an early shipping introduction. <i>W. Cucullata</i> has been placed in synonymy with <i>W. subovoidea</i>, a taxon lacking a holotype. We designate a neotype for<i>W. Subovoidea</i>, recognizing its conspecificity with <i>W. cucullata</i>, and demonstrate a simple morphometric means of separating this species from <i>W. subtorquata</i> using zooid feature ratios (operculum area versus total frontal shield). An orange watersiporid population that was first recognized in Guernsey, in the European-Atlantic, in 2007, is shown by morphometric and mitochondrial genetic analysis to match <i>W. subtorquata</i>. It contains the commonest, widely introduced COI haplotype that, along with other evidence, suggests recent transfer via shipping traffic to Europe. A second population (previously referred alternatively to <i>W. aterrim</i> or <i>W. subovoidea</i>) has been reported from Brittany and Bordeaux (Atlantic coastline, France). This population is also aligned with <i>W. subtorquata</i> based on morphometrics and COI haplotype. In contrast to the Guernsey introduction, the earlier French-Atlantic introduction appears related to oyster imports from Japan.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Recent discoveries of alien <i>Watersipora</i> (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2025-07-02 08:58:19.190595","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":"Invasive marine bryozoans; zooid morphometrics; colony colour; neotype;cytochrome oxidase I; transport on ships; oysters","OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2009,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2018-02-13","DateCreate":"2009-05-12","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000266231500003","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":135328,"PubliDate":2009,"Pagination":"43-59","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"2093","Issue":"2093","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":57347,"SerRR":"Zootaxa. 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