{"refrec":{"BRefID":135345,"RR":"<b>Nhu, V.C.; Dierckens, K.; Nguyen, T.H.L.; Tran, M.T.; Sorgeloos, P.</b> (2009). Can umbrella-stage <i>Artemia franciscana</i> substitute enriched rotifers for Cobia (<i>Rachycentron canadum</i>) fish larvae? <i>Aquaculture 289(1-2)</i>: 64-69. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.014\" target=\"_blank\">dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.014</a>","BEntID":129242,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":" <i>Aquaculture 289(1-2)</i>: 64-69. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.014\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.014</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Nhu, V.C.; Dierckens, K.; Nguyen, T.H.L.; Tran, M.T.; Sorgeloos, P.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Nhu, V.C. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Appropriate food of suitable nutritional value is crucial for first-feeding stages of the larvae of cobia <i>Rachycentron canadum</i>, a very fast growing marine fish species. Best survival and growth results in cobia larviculture have been reported with a starter diet of HUFA-enriched rotifers and -as mouth size permits - followed by freshly-hatched and eventually HUFA-enriched <i>Artemia</i> nauplii. Using the smaller-sized Vietnam <i>Artemia franciscana</i> (AF) strain instead of the Great Salt Lake <i>A. franciscana</i> strain, it has been shown that the rotifer-feeding period could be shortened with 3 days, resulting in significant improvements in larval survival and growth. This study verified the possibility to feed umbrella-stage <i>Artemia</i> for further shortening and eventually completely substituting rotifer start feeding. The experiment was conducted in 200-L tanks and lasted 18 days. AF umbrella <i>Artemia</i> was used as sole feed during the whole rotifer feeding period (UAF), compared to the use of enriched rotifers for the first 2 days followed by AF-umbrella (ER + UAF) and the use of enriched rotifers as control (ER). The feeding incidence of UAF treatments was significantly lower (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in the 1st feeding day, however, the ingestion and digestion of AF were evident. Growth and survival as well as deformities at day 18 post-hatching were not significantly different for all treatments (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The viability of cobia larvae after exposure to high salinity stress was lower in the ER treatment at day 8 post-hatching, but higher at day 18 post-hatching (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The ability of cobia larvae to ingest and digest AF umbrella at first feeding as well as the nutritional suitability of AF umbrella is discussed. The possibility to use umbrella-stage <i>Artemia</i> opens an opportunity to simplify the rearing protocol and to reduce production costs of cobia larviculture. 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