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The survey and experimental methods are briefly described, and results for the different biological communities summarised. Effects of oils and effluents vary considerably according to type and quantity of oil, cleaning treatment (if any), effluent characteristics, and hydrography and biology of the area affected. Related laboratory work concerns the toxicity ranking of oils, dispersants, effluents and effluent constituents; and behavioural responses of some organisms to sub-lethal doses of pollutants. 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