{"refrec":{"BRefID":139665,"RR":"<b>Ismail, I.; Britz, P.J.; Esterhuizen, A.J.</b> (2009). Towards an abalone weaning diet: evaluation of agar-bound fishmeal and spirulina as dietary ingredients. <i>Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 31(1)</i>: 103-106","BEntID":133187,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 31(1)</i>: 103-106","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Ismail, I.; Britz, P.J.; Esterhuizen, A.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Ismail, I.; Britz, P.J.; Esterhuizen, A.J.","Englishabstract":"Survival of post-settlement abalone when 'weaning' them from diatoms onto macroalgae/artificial feed remains unpredictable for farmers. It is hypothesised that spirulina algae, which are high in protein, may be a suitable feed ingredient for weaning abalone. Over a period of 27 days, the growth and survival of juvenile (4-6 mm shell length) <i>Haliotis midae</i> were compared when weaned from diatoms onto agar-bound, 48% protein diets with either spirulina, fishmeal, or fishmeal and spirulina as the sources of nutrition. Agar-gel alone was used as a control (0% protein) and a commercial abalone diet, Abfeed<sup>®</sup>-S34 (34% protein), was included as a reference. Abalone that were fed fishmeal and spirulina combined performed best in both weight and shell-length gain (36.87 ± 2.19 mg and 2.29 ± 0.05 mm). The growth of agar-fed control animals was worst of all treatments (1.26 ± 2.03 mg and 0.19 ± 0.14 mm) and had a markedly reduced survival rate (18.6 ± 5.5%). Growth in abalone that were fed the spirulina only (9.41 ± 3.39 mg and 0.58 ± 0.27 mm) was better than the control-fed abalone and was substantially lower than other diet treatments, but not significantly different from them. Abalone that were fed Abfeed<sup>®</sup>-S34 only had a significantly higher condition factor (0.91 ± 0.02) compared with those fed the control (0.70 ± 0.09) and the combined diet (0.75 ± 0.01), and a significantly higher soft-body tissue to shell mass ratio (2.38 ± 0.14) than those fed spirulina only (1.67 ± 0.15) or the control (1.05 ± 0.09). Agar was a suitable medium for binding and presenting dietary ingredients to abalone at weaning, and fishmeal or a fishmeal-spirulina combination provided sufficient protein and energy for good growth and survival. Spirulina as a single-ingredient feed is not recommended.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Towards an abalone weaning diet: evaluation of agar-bound fishmeal and spirulina as dietary ingredients","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2009,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2009-07-15","DateCreate":"2009-07-15","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000267714700010","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":139665,"PubliDate":2009,"Pagination":"103-106","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"31","Issue":"1","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":78939,"SerRR":"African Journal of Marine Science. 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