{"refrec":{"BRefID":140456,"RR":"<b>Ashton, G.V.; Willis, K.J.; Burrows, M.T.; Cook, E.J.</b> (2007). Environmental tolerance of <i>Caprella mutica</i>: Implications for its distribution as a marine non-native species. <i>Mar. Environ. Res. 64(3)</i>: 305-312. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.02.003\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.02.003</a>","BEntID":133938,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Mar. Environ. Res. 64(3)</i>: 305-312. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.02.003\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.02.003</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":0,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Ashton, G.V.; Willis, K.J.; Burrows, M.T.; Cook, E.J.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Ashton, G.V. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Physiological tolerances limit the distribution of marine species, with geographical ranges being set by environmental factors, such as temperature and salinity, which affect the rates of vital processes and survival of marine ectotherms. The physiological tolerances of the non-native marine amphipod <i>Caprella mutica</i> were investigated in laboratory experiments. Adult <i>C. mutica</i> were collected from a fish farm on the west coast of Scotland and exposed to a range of temperatures and salinities for 48 h. <i>C. mutica</i> were tolerant of a broad range of temperature and salinity conditions, with 100% mortality at 30°C (48 h LT<sub>50</sub>, 28.3+/-0.4°C), and salinities lower than 16 (48 h LC<sub>50</sub>, 18.7+/-0.2). Although lethargic at low temperatures (2 °C), no mortality was observed, and the species is known to survive at temperatures as low as -1.8°C. The upper LC<sub>(50)</sub> was greater than the highest salinity tested (40), thus it is unlikely that salinity will limit the distribution of <i>C. mutica</i> in open coastal waters. However, the species will be excluded from brackish water environments such as the heads of sea lochs or estuaries. The physiological tolerances of <i>C. mutica</i> are beyond the physical conditions experienced in its native or introduced range and are thus unlikely to be the primary factors limiting its present distribution and future spread.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Environmental tolerance of <i>Caprella mutica</i>: Implications for its distribution as a marine non-native species","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2026-05-03 01:31:57.762718","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+02:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":2007,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2009-08-13","DateCreate":"2009-08-13","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":"WOS:000249147000004","VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0,"DOI":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.02.003"},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":140456,"PubliDate":2007,"Pagination":"305-312","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"64","Issue":"3","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":43357,"SerRR":"Marine Environmental Research. 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