{"refrec":{"BRefID":141181,"RR":"<b>Schulte, D.M.; Burke, R.P.; Lipcius, R.N.</b> (2009). Unprecedented restoration of a native oyster metapopulation. <i>Science (Wash.) 325(5944)</i>: 1124-1128. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1176516\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1176516</a>","BEntID":134062,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":1,"wosflag":1,"vabbflag":1,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Science (Wash.) 325(5944)</i>: 1124-1128. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1176516\" target=\"_blank\">https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1176516</a>","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":1,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Schulte, D.M.; Burke, R.P.; Lipcius, R.N.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Schulte, D.M. <i>et al.</i>","Englishabstract":"Native oyster species were once vital ecosystem engineers whose populations have collapsed worldwide due to overfishing and habitat destruction. In 2004, we initiated a vast (35 ha) field experiment by constructing native oyster reefs of three types (high-relief, low-relief, unrestored) in nine protected sanctuaries throughout the Great Wicomico River in Virginia, USA. Upon sampling in 2007 and 2009, we found a thriving metapopulation comprising 185 million oysters of various age classes. Oyster density was fivefold greater on high-relief than low-relief reefs, explaining the failure of past attempts. Juvenile recruitment and reef accretion correlated with oyster density, facilitating reef development and population persistence. 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