{"refrec":{"BRefID":14131,"RR":"<b>Swennen, C.; Heessen, H.J.L.; Höcker, A.W.M.</b> (1979). Occurrence and biology of the trematodes <i>Cotylurus (Ichthyocotylurus) erraticus, C. (I.) variegatus</i> and <i>C. (I.) platycephalus </i> (Digenea: Strigeidae) in the Netherlands. <i>Neth. J. Sea Res. 13(2)</i>: 161-191","BEntID":14131,"PublicFlag":1,"CheckedFlag":0,"wosflag":null,"vabbflag":null,"RefStringPartII":". <i>Neth. J. Sea Res. 13(2)</i>: 161-191","DocTypID":8,"DocType":"Journal article","MarineFlag":1,"FreshFlag":0,"BrackishFlag":1,"TerrestrialFlag":0,"Authorstring":"Swennen, C.; Heessen, H.J.L.; Höcker, A.W.M.","OrigTitleTranslFlag":0,"Authorstringtrunc":"Swennen, C.; Heessen, H.J.L.; Höcker, A.W.M.","Englishabstract":"The detection that gulls had died from a hyperinfection with <i>Cotylurus</i> species, did start this study on distribution, life-cycle and ecology of these parasites in the Netherlands. Three species were found: <i>C. erraticus</i> (Rud., 1809), <i>C. variegatus</i> (Crepl., 1825) and <i>C. platycephalus</i> (Crepl., 1825). The first intermediate host is <i>Valvata piscinalis</i>, the rate of infection was about 3%. Infected snails are sterile and somewhat larger and had in our samples a higher mortality rate than non-infected snails. A description is given of the cercaria of <i>Cotylurus erraticus</i> from naturally and experimentally infected snails. Differences are noted with the description ofthe cercaria of <i>C. erraticus</i> from America. It seems doubtful if both are conspecific. Metacercariae occurred especially in fishes from the IJsselmeer, a freshwater lake, newly formed after closing of the Zuiderzee in 1932. Metacercariae of <i>Cotylurus erraticus</i> were found in <i>Osmerus eperlanus</i> and <i>Salmo gairdneri</i>, mainly in the pericardium. <i>C. variegatus</i> was found in <i>Gymnocephalus cernua, Stizostedion lucioperca</i> and <i>Perca fluviatilis</i>, mainly on the wall of the swimbladder. <i>C. platycephalus</i> was found in <i>Gymnocephalus cernua, Stizostedion lucioperca, Abramis brama, Leuciscus cephalus</i> and for a small percentage also in <i>Osmerus eperlanus</i> and <i>Rutilus rutilus</i>, especially in pericardium and mesentery. The rate of infection of <i>Osmerus eperlanus</i> with <i>Cotylurus erraticus</i> and <i>Gymnocephalus cernua</i> with <i>C. variegatus</i> and <i>C. Platycephalus</i> in the IJsselmeer amounted to nearly 100%, with many tens of cysts per fish. In other inland waters this rate was low or nihil. Infected fishes from the IJsselmeer may enter the Wadden Sea, especially in winter, by the discharge of water from the IJsselmeer through the sluices. Some fish-eating birds, in particular gulls, acted as final hosts. Heavy infections with <i>Cotylurus variegatus</i> and <i>C. platycephalus</i> were often found to be lethal. <i>C. erraticus</i> seems less pathogenic. Repeated infection may lead to some kind of immunity. The small <i>C. erraticus</i> and the larger <i>C. variegatus</i> live in the same part of the intestine, the large <i>C. platycephalus</i> on the other hand lives in the cloaca of the final host. The distribution of the first intermediate host (<i>Valvata piscinalis</i>) makes the cercariae to be limited to large fresh water bodies. From here fishes may transport the metacercariae over considerable distances and even to the sea. Of course the distribution of adults through birds is even wider.","AbstractOtherLang":null,"BibLvlCode":"AS","StandardTitle":"Occurrence and biology of the trematodes <i>Cotylurus (Ichthyocotylurus) erraticus, C. (I.) variegatus</i> and <i>C. (I.) platycephalus </i> (Digenea: Strigeidae) in the Netherlands","OrigTitleLangCode":"en","OrigTitleLangCodeExtended":"eng","OrigTitleLangID":15,"DateLastModified":{"date":"2024-12-10 01:33:17.368041","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+01:00"},"UserAccessRight":null,"UserAccID":null,"AuthorKeywords":null,"OtherDescriptors":null,"Notes":null,"AnaPub":1979,"MonPub":null,"DateUpdate":"2001-11-26","DateCreate":"2001-07-27","SecASFANote":null,"ConfID":null,"PeerRev":1,"VlizCoreFlag":1,"WoScode":null,"VABBcode":null,"OpenAcc":0},"refs":null,"anarec":{"AnaID":14131,"PubliDate":1979,"Pagination":"161-191","XtraPublOfAnaID":null,"ISBN":null,"Volume":"13","Issue":"2","BRefMon":null,"BRefMonRR":null,"BRefXtra":null,"BRefXtraRR":null,"SerBRefID":44573,"SerRR":"Netherlands Journal of Sea Research. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ): Groningen; Den Burg.  ISSN 0077-7579; e-ISSN 1873-1406","StandardTitleSer":"Netherlands Journal of Sea Research","ISSN":"0077-7579","AbbrevSer":"Neth. J. 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